1.
Davies Morel, M. C. G. Equine reproductive physiology, breeding and stud management. (CABI, 2015).
2.
McKinnon, A. O. Equine reproduction. (Wiley-Blackwell, 2011).
3.
Davies Morel, M. C. G. Equine artificial insemination. (CABI Publishing, 1999).
4.
Knottenbelt, D. C. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. (W. B. Saunders, 2003).
5.
Samper, J. C., Pycock, J. F. & McKinnon, A. O. Current therapy in equine reproduction. (Elsevier Saunders, 2007).
6.
Aerts, J. & Bols, P. Ovarian Follicular Dynamics: A Review with Emphasis on the Bovine Species. Part I: Folliculogenesis and Pre-antral Follicle Development. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 45, 171–179 (2010).
7.
Ashdown, R. R. & Done, S. Color atlas of veterinary anatomy: [Vol.2]: The horse ; Raymond R. Ashdown, Stanley H. Done ; photography by Susan A. Evans. (Lippincott, 1987).
8.
Binelli, M. & Murphy, B. D. Coordinated regulation of follicle development by germ and somatic cells. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, 1–12 (2010).
9.
Bonnet, A., Dalbiès-Tran, R. & Sirard, M. A. Opportunities and challenges in applying genomics to the study of oogenesis and folliculogenesis in farm animals. Reproduction 135, (2008).
10.
Caslick, E. A. The vulva and vulvo-vaginal orifice and its relation to genital tracts of the Thoroughbred mare. Cornell Vet 27, (1937).
11.
Causey, R. C. Mucus and the mare: How little we know. Theriogenology 68, 386–394 (2007).
12.
Del Campo, M. R., Donoso, M. X., Parrish, J. J. & Ginther, O. J. In vitro fertilization of in vitro-matured equine oocytes. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 10, 18–22 (1990).
13.
Easley, J. External Perineal conformation. in Equine reproduction 19–26 (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
14.
Ellenberger, C., Müller, K., Schoon, H.-A., Wilsher, S. & Allen, W. Histological and Immunohistochemical Characterization of Equine Anovulatory Haemorrhagic Follicles (AHFs). Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44, 395–405 (2009).
15.
Ginther, O. J. Reproductive biology of the mare: basic and applied aspects. (Equiservices, 1992).
16.
Ginther, O. J. Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction: Book 2: Horses. (Equiservices Publishing, 1995).
17.
A comparative study of follicular dynamics between lactating and non-lactating mares: effect of the body condition. Theriogenology 58, 553–556 (2002).
18.
Hafez, B. & Hafez, E. S. E. Reproduction in farm animals. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000).
19.
Hemberg, E., Lundeheim, N. & Einarsson, S. Retrospective Study on Vulvar Conformation in Relation to Endometrial Cytology and Fertility in Thoroughbred Mares. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A 52, 474–477 (2005).
20.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Reproductive organs of the mare. in Equine reproduction 3–19 (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
21.
Knottenbelt, D. C. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. (W. B. Saunders, 2003).
22.
Colahan, P. T. Equine medicine and surgery. (American Veterinary Publications, 1991).
23.
McAllister RA. Identification of anatomic features of the equine clitoris as potential growth sites for Taylorella equigenitalis. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196, 1965–1966.
24.
Mermillod, P. et al. Factors affecting oocyte quality: who is driving the follicle? Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, (2008).
25.
Mihm, M. & Evans, A. Mechanisms for Dominant Follicle Selection in Monovulatory Species: A Comparison of Morphological, Endocrine and Intraovarian Events in Cows, Mares and Women. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 48–56 (2008).
26.
Pascoe, R. R. Observations on the length and angle of declination of the vulva and its relation to fertility of the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
27.
Pascoe, R. R., Pascoe, D. R. & Wilson, M. C. Influence of follicular status on twinning rate in mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, 183–189 (1987).
28.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Folliculogenesis. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
29.
POURET, E. J. M. Surgical technique for the correction of pneumo- and urovagina. Equine Veterinary Journal 14, 249–250 (1982).
30.
Reef, V. B. Ultrasonography of genital tract of mare. in Equine diagnostic ultrasound (W. B. Saunders, 1998).
31.
Rooney, J. R. & Sack, W. O. Rooney’s guide to the dissection of the horse. (Veterinary Textbooks, 1991).
32.
Samper, J. C., Pycock, J. F. & McKinnon, A. O. Current therapy in equine reproduction. (Elsevier Saunders, 2007).
33.
Simpson, D. & Eaton-Evans, W. Sites of CEM infection. Veterinary Record 102, 488–488 (1978).
34.
Sisson, S. The anatomy of the domestic animals. (Saunders, 1953).
35.
Sorensen, A. M. Animal reproduction, principles and practices. vol. McGraw-Hill publications in the agricultural sciences (McGraw-Hill, 1979).
36.
Squires, E. L., Douglas, R. H., Steffenhagen, W. P. & Ginther, O. J. Ovarian changes during the oestrus cycle and pregnancy in mares. Journal of Animal Science 38, (1974).
37.
Vogelsang, M. M., Kraemer, D. C., Potter, G. D. & Scott, G. G. Fine structure of the follicular oocyte of the horse. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, 157–167 (1987).
38.
The site of ovulation in the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, 329–330 (1975).
39.
Almahbobi, G., Papadopoulas, V., Carreaus, S. & Silberzahn, P. Age related morphological and functional changes in the leydig cells of the horse. Biology of Reproduction 38, (1988).
40.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Equine reproduction. Functional Anatomy of the adult male (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
41.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Equine reproduction. Spermatozoal function (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
42.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Equine reproduction. Physiology and Endocrinology (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
43.
Ashdown, R. R. & Done, S. Color atlas of veterinary anatomy: [Vol.2]: The horse ; Raymond R. Ashdown, Stanley H. Done ; photography by Susan A. Evans. (Lippincott, 1987).
44.
Beckett, S. D., Hudson, R. S., Walker, D. F., Vachon, R. I. & Reynolds, T. M. Corpus cavernosum penis pressure and external penile muscle activity during erection in the goat. Biology of Reproduction 7, (1972).
45.
Marshall, F. H. A. & Lamming, G. E. The mammalian spermatozoon.  Morphology, biochemistry and physiology. in Marshall’s Physiology of reproduction: Vol.2: Reproduction in the male (Churchill Livingstone, 1990).
46.
Berndtson, W. E., Squires, E. L. & Thompson, D. L. Spermatogenesis, testicular composition and the concentration of testosterone in the equine testis as influenced by season. Theriogenology 20, 449–457 (1983).
47.
Boyle, M. S., Cran, D. G., Allen, W. R. & Hunter, R. H. F. Distribution of spermatozoa in the mare’s oviduct. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
48.
Burns, T., Chenier, T. & Munroe, G. Male Reproductive Tract. in Equine clinical medicine, surgery, and reproduction (Manson/Veterinary Press).
49.
COX, J. E., EDWARDS, G. B. & NEAL, P. A. An Analysis of 500 cases of Equine Cryptorchidism. Equine Veterinary Journal 11, 113–116 (1979).
50.
Davies Morel, M. C. G. Equine artificial insemination. 37–77 (CABI Publishing, 1999).
51.
Eddy, E. M. The spermatozoon. in Knobil and Neill’s physiology of reproduction (Elsevier, 2006).
52.
Friedman, R. et al. The effects of increased testicular temperature on spermatogenesis in the stallion. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
53.
Fukuda, T. et al. Age related changes in the testes of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal 33, (2001).
54.
Gebauer, M. R., Pickett, B. W. & Swierstra, E. E. Reproductive physiology of the stallion II.  Daily production and output of sperm. Journal of Animal Science vol. 39 https://www.animalsciencepublications.org/publications/jas/abstracts/39/4/JAN0390040732 (1974).
55.
Ginther, O. J. Ultrasonic imaging and animal reproduction: Book 2: Horses. (Equiservices Publishing, 1995).
56.
Gadella, B. M., Rathi, R., Brouwers, J. F. H. M., Stout, T. A. E. & Colenbrander, B. Capacitation and the acrosome reaction in equine sperm. Animal Reproduction Science 68, 249–265 (2001).
57.
Hochereau-de-Reviers, M. T. Spermotogeneis in mammals and birds. in Marshall’s Physiology of reproduction: Vol.2: Reproduction in the male (Churchill Livingstone, 1990).
58.
Hoffman, L. S., Adam, T. E. & Evans, J. W. Circadian circhoral and seasonal variation in patterns of gonadotrophin secretion in geldings. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, 51–58 (1987).
59.
Johnson, L. & Thompson, D. L. Age-related and seasonal variation in the Sertoli cell population, daily sperm production and serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone, luteirising hormone and testosterone in stallions. Biology of Reproduction 29, (1983).
60.
Cupps, P. T. Spermotgenesis. in Reproduction in domestic animals (Academic Press, 1991).
61.
Johnson, L. & Neaves, W. B. Age-related changes in the leydig cell population, simifererous tubules and sperm production in stallions. Biology of Reproduction 24, (1981).
62.
Korenman, S. G. New insights into erectile dysfunction: a practical approach. The American Journal of Medicine 105, 135–144 (1998).
63.
Kosiniak, K. Characteristics of the successive jets of ejaculated semen of stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, 59–61 (1975).
64.
Little, T. V. & Woods, G. L. Ultrasonography of accessory sex glands in the stallion. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
65.
Lopate, C., LeBlanc, M. & Knottenbelt, D. The Stallion. in Equine stud farm medicine and surgery (W. B. Saunders, 2003).
66.
Love, C. C., Garcia, M. C., Riera, F. R. & Kennedy, R. M. Evaluation of measures taken by ultrasonography and caliper to estimate testicular volume and... Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
67.
Magistrini, M. et al. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of stallion genital tract fluids and seminal plasma: contribution of the accessory sex glands to the ejaculate. Biology of Reproduction, Monograph Equine Reproduction VI (1995).
68.
Mann, T. Biochemistry of Stallion Semen. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 23, (1975).
69.
McDonnell, S. M., Garcia, M. C. & Kennedy, R. M. Pharmarcological manipulation of sexual behaviour in stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
70.
Reef, V. B. Ultrasonography of genital tract of stallion. in Equine diagnostic ultrasound (W. B. Saunders, 1998).
71.
Roberts, S. J. Veterinary obstetrics and genital diseases. (Literary Licensing, 2012).
72.
Rossdale, P. D. & Ricketts, S. W. Equine stud farm medicine. (Baillière Tindall).
73.
Searle, D., Dart, A. J., Dart, C. M. & Hodgson, D. R. Equine castration: review of anatomy, approaches, techniques and complications in normal, cryptorchid and monorchid horses. Australian Veterinary Journal 77, (1999).
74.
Squires, E. L., Pickett, B. W. & Amman, R. P. Effect of successive ejaculation on stallion seminal characteristics. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
75.
Swierstra, E. E., Gebawer, M. R. & Pickett, B. W. Reproductive physiology of the stallion 1.  Spermatogenesis and testis composition. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 40, (1974).
76.
Swiestra, E. E., Pickett, B. W. & Gebaur, M. R. Spermatogenesis and duration of transit of spermatozoa through the excurrent ducts of stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, (1975).
77.
Tischner, M., Kosiniak, K. & Bielanski, W. Analysis of the pattern of ejaculation in stallions. Journal of Reproduction of Fertility 41, (1974).
78.
Thompson, D. L., Johnson, L. & Weist, J. J. Effects of month and age on prolactin concentrations in stallion serum. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
79.
Thompson, D. L., Pickett, B. W., Squires, E. L. & Amman, R. P. Testicular measurements and reproductive characteristics in stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, 13–17 (1979).
80.
Weber, J. A. & Woods, G. L. Transrectal ultrasonography for the evaluation of stallion accessory sex glands. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice 8, (1992).
81.
Weber, J. A. & Woods, G. L. Ultrasonic measurements of stallion accessory glands and excurrent ducts during seminal emission and ejaculation. Biology of Reproduction 49, (1993).
82.
Weber, J. A., Geary, R. T. & Woods, G. L. Changes in accessory sex glands of stallions after sexual preparation and ejaculation. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 186, (1990).
83.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. FSH and LH. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
84.
Allen, W. R. Control of ovulation and oestrus in the mare. in Control of ovulation: [proceedings of the 26th. Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science] (Butterworth, 1978).
85.
Allen, W. R. & Cooper, M. J. Prostaglandins. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
86.
ALLEN, W. E. & HADLEY, J. C. Blood Progesterone Concentrations in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Mares. Equine Veterinary Journal 6, 87–93 (1974).
87.
Aurich, C., Hoppe, H. & Aurich, J. E. Role of Endogenous Opioids for Regulation of the Oestrous Cycle in the Horse. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 30, 188–192 (1995).
88.
Aurich, L. et al. Effects of the opioid antagonist naloxane on release of LH in mares during the anovulatory season. Journal of Endocrinology 142, (1994).
89.
Belin, F. Intrafollicular Concentrations of Steroids and Steroidogenic Enzymes in Relation to Follicular Development in the Mare. Biology of Reproduction 62, 1335–1343 (2000).
90.
Bennett-Wimbush, K., Loch, W. E., Plata-Madrid, H. & Evans, T. The effects of perphenazine and bromocriptine on follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in anestrous pony mares. Theriogenology 49, 717–733 (1998).
91.
Bergfelt, D. R. & Ginther, O. J. Relationships between FSH surges and follicular waves during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 39, 781–796 (1993).
92.
Bergfelt, D. R. & Ginther, O. J. Synchronous fluctuations of LH and FSH in plasma samples collected daily during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 40, 1137–1146 (1993).
93.
Besognek, B., Hansen, B. S. & Daels, P. C. Dopaminergic regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in seasonally anoestrus mares. Journal of Reproduction of Fertility 108, (1996).
94.
Besognek, B., Hansen, B. S. & Daels, P. F. Prolactin secretion during the transitional phase and relationships to onset of reproductive season in mares. Biology of Reproductive Monograph Series 1, (1995).
95.
Carnevale, E. M., Hermenet, M. J. & Ginther, O. J. Age and pasture effects on vernal transition in mares. Theriogenology 47, 1009–1018 (1997).
96.
Cleaver, B. D. et al. Effect of constant light exposure on circulating gonadotrophin levels and hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) content in the ovarie... - PubMed - NCBI. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 44, (1991).
97.
Crowell-Davis, S. L. Sexual behavior of mares. Hormones and Behaviour 52:1, (2007).
98.
Cuervo-Arango, J. & Newcombe, J. R. Repeatability of preovulatory follicular diameter and uterine edema pattern in two consecutive cycles in the mare and how they are influenced by ovulation inductors. Theriogenology 69, 681–687 (2008).
99.
Daels, P. F., Fatone, S., Hansen, B. S. & Concannon, P. W. Dopamine antagonist-induced reproductive function in anoestrous mares: gonadotrophin secretion... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 56, (2000).
100.
DAELS, P. F., STABENFELDT, G. H., KINDAHL, H. & HUGHES, J. P. Prostaglandin release and luteolysis associated with physiological and pathological conditions of the reproductive cycle of the mare: a review. Equine Veterinary Journal 21, 29–34 (2010).
101.
Diekman, M. A., Braun, W., Peter, D. & Cook, D. Seasonal serum concentrations of melatonin in cycling and non-cycling mares. Journal of Animal Science 80, (2002).
102.
Donadeu, F. & Pedersen, H. Follicle Development in Mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 224–231 (2008).
103.
Dowsett, K. F., Knott, L. M., Woodward, R. A. & Bodero, D. A. V. Seasonal variation in the estrous cycle of mares in the subtropics. Theriogenology 39, 631–653 (1993).
104.
Eagle, R. C. Characterization and Distribution of Gonadotrophs in the Pars Distalis and Pars Tuberalis of the Equine Pituitary Gland During the Estrous Cycle and Seasonal Anestrus. Biology of Reproduction 63, 826–832 (2000).
105.
Elhay, M. et al. Suppression of behavioural and physiological oestrus in the mare by vaccination against GnRH. Australian Veterinary Journal 85, (2007).
106.
Fay, J. E. & Douglas, R. H. Changes in thecal and granulosa cell LH and FSH receptor content associated with follicular... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 37, (1987).
107.
Fitzgerald, B. P. et al. Changes in LH pulse frequency and amplitude in intact mares during the transition into the breeding season. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 79, (1987).
108.
Fitzgerald, B. P., Reedy, S. E., Sessions, D. R., Powell, D. M. & McManus, C. J. Potential signals mediating the maintenance of reproductive activity during the non-breeding season of the mare. Reproduction 59, (2002).
109.
Garcia, M. C., Freedman, L. H. & Ginther, O. J. Interaction of seasonal and ovarian factors in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion in the mare. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
110.
GARCIA, M. C. & GINTHER, O. J. Effects of Ovariectomy and Season on Plasma Luteinizing Hormone in Mares. Endocrinology 98, 958–962 (1976).
111.
Gastal, E. L. Role of Luteinizing Hormone in Follicle Deviation Based on Manipulating Progesterone Concentrations in Mares. Biology of Reproduction 61, 1492–1498 (1999).
112.
Gastal, E. L. Follicle Deviation and Intrafollicular and Systemic Estradiol Concentrations in Mares. Biology of Reproduction 61, 31–39 (1999).
113.
Gastal, E. L., Gastal, M. O., Beg, M. A. & Ginther, O. J. Interrelationships among follicles during the common-growth phase of a follicular wave and capacity of individual follicles for dominance in mares. Reproduction 128, 417–422 (2004).
114.
Gastal, M., Gastel, E., Spinelli, V. & Ginther, O. J. Relationships between body condition and follicle development in mares. Journal of Animal Reproduction 2004,.
115.
Gentry, L., Thompson, D., Gentry, G., Davis, K. & Godke, R. High verses low body condition in mares, interactions with responses to somatotropin, GnRH analog, and dexamethasone. Journal of Animal Science vol. 80 https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jas/abstracts/80/12/3277 (2002).
116.
Gentry, L. R. et al. The relationship between body condition, leptin, and reproductive and hormonal characteristics of mares during the seasonal anovulatory period. Journal of Animal Science 80, (2002).
117.
Ginther, O. J. Reproductive biology of the mare: basic and applied aspects. (Equiservices, 1992).
118.
Ginther, O. J. Follicle Selection in Monovular Species. Biology of Reproduction 65, 638–647 (2001).
119.
Ginther, O. J., Beg, M. A., Donadeu, F. X. & Bergfelt, D. R. Mechanism of follicle deviation in monovular farm species. Animal Reproduction Science 78, 239–257 (2003).
120.
Ginther, O. J. & Bergfelt, D. R. Growth of small follicles and concentrations of FSH during the equine oestrus cycle. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 99, (1993).
121.
Ginther, O. J. In Vivo Effects of an Intrafollicular Injection of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 on the Mechanism of Follicle Deviation in Heifers and Mares. Biology of Reproduction 70, 99–105 (2003).
122.
Ginther, O. J., Gastel, E., Gastel, M. & Beg, M. Seasonal influence on equine follicle dynamics. The Journal of Animal Reproduction 1, (2004).
123.
Ginther, O. J. Critical Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Follicle Selection and Dominance in Mares. Biology of Reproduction 70, 1374–1379 (2004).
124.
Ginther, O. J. Dose-Response Study of Intrafollicular Injection of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on Follicular Fluid Factors and Follicle Dominance in Mares. Biology of Reproduction 70, 1063–1069 (2003).
125.
Ginther, O. J. Follicle and Endocrine Dynamics During Experimental Follicle Deviation in Mares. Biology of Reproduction 67, 862–867 (2002).
126.
Goff, A. K., Pontbriand, D. & Sirios, J. Oxytocin stimulation of plasma 15-keto-13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F-2 alpha during the... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
127.
Grubaugh, W. et al. Effects of pinealectomy in Pony mares. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 32, (1982).
128.
Guerin, M. V. & Wang, X. J. Environmental temperature has an influence on timing of the first ovulation of seasonal estrus in the mare. Theriogenology 42, 1053–1060 (1994).
129.
Guerin, M. V., Deed, J. R., Kennaway, D. J. & Matthews, C. D. Plasma melatonin in the horse: Measurements in natural photoperiod and in acutely extended darkness throughout the year. Journal of Pineal Research 19, 7–15 (1995).
130.
Hay, M. E., Allen, W. R. & Lewis, I. M. The distribution of ∆5 3b – hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the Graafian follicle of the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, (1975).
131.
Imboden, I. et al. Influence of immunization against GnRH on reproductive cyclicity and estrous behavior in the mare. Theriogenology 66, (2006).
132.
Irvine, C. H. & Alexander, S. L. Secretory patterns and rates of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone revealed by intensive sampling of pituitary venous blood in the luteal phase mare. Endocrinology 132, 212–218 (1993).
133.
Johnson, A. L. Serum Concentrations of Prolactin, Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine Relative to Season and the Estrous Cycle in the Mare. Journal of Animal Science 62, (1986).
134.
Kalra, S. P. & Kalra, P. S. Do testosterone and estradiol 17 enforce stimulation of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone secretion. Biology of Reproduction 41, (1986).
135.
Irvine, C. H. G. & Alexander, S. L. A novel technique for measuring hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion rates from collection of pituitary venous effluent in the normal horse. Journal of Endocrinology 113, 183–192 (1987).
136.
Irvine, C. H. G. & Alexander, S. L. The dynamics of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, LH and FSH secretion during the spontaneous ovulatory surge of the mare as revealed by intensive sampling of pituitary venous blood. Journal of Endocrinology 140, 283–295 (1994).
137.
Hsueh, A. J. W., McGee, E. A., Hayashi, M. & Hsu, S. Y. Hormonal regulation of early follicular development in the rat ovary. Molecular and cellular endocrinology 163, (2000).
138.
Kilmer, D. N. et al. Melatonin rhythms in Pony mares and foals. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 32, (1982).
139.
King, S. S., Jones, K. L., Mullenix, B. A. & Heath, D. T. Seasonal relationships between dopamine D1 and D2 receptor and equine FSH receptor mRNA in equine ovarian epithelium. Animal Reproduction Science 108, 259–266 (2008).
140.
Marković, D., Pavlović, M. & Pavlović, V. Seasonality, folliculogenesis and luteogenesis in mare ovaries. Medicine and Biology 10, (2003).
141.
Matzuk, M. M. Revelations of ovarian follicle biology from gene knockout mice. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 163, 61–66 (2000).
142.
Melrose, PA., Walker, R. F. & Douglas, R. H. Dopamine in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Prepubertal and Adult Horses. Brain, Behavior and Evolution 35, 98–106 (1990).
143.
Mihm, M. & Evans, A. Mechanisms for Dominant Follicle Selection in Monovulatory Species: A Comparison of Morphological, Endocrine and Intraovarian Events in Cows, Mares and Women. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, 48–56 (2008).
144.
Montovan, S. M. et al. The effect of a potent GnRH agonist on gonadal and sexual activity in the horse. Theriogenology 33, 1305–1321 (1990).
145.
Nambo, Y. et al. Mechanisms responsible for increase in circulating inhibin levels at the time of ovulation in mares. Theriogenology 57, 1707–1717 (2002).
146.
Nagy, P., Guillaume, D. & Daels, P. Seasonality in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 60–61, 245–262 (2000).
147.
Nagy, P. et al. Factors affecting plasma progesterone concentration and the retrospective determination of time of ovulation in cyclic mares. Theriogenology 61, 203–214 (2004).
148.
Neely, D. P., Kindahl, H., Stabenfeldt, G. H., Edqvist, L. E. & Hughes, J. P. Prostaglandin release patterns in the mare: physiological, pathophysiological, and therapeutic responses. - PubMed - NCBI. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
149.
Nequin, L. G., King, S. S., Johnson, A. L., Gow, G. M. & Ferreira-Dias, G. M. Prolactin may play a role in stimulating the equine ovry during the spring reproductive transition. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 13, 631–635 (1993).
150.
Nett, T. M. Estrogens. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
151.
Nett, T. M. Reproductive peptide and protein hormones. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
152.
Noden, P. A., Oxender, W. D. & Hafs, H. D. The cycle of oestrus, ovulation and plasma levels of hormones in the mare. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, (1975).
153.
Pantke, P., Hyland, J., Galloway, D. B., MacLean, A. A. & Hoppen, H. O. Changes in luteinizing hormone bioactivity associated with gonadotrophin pulses in the cycling... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
154.
Pinto, C. R. F., Paccamonti, D. L., Eilts, B. E., Short, C. R. & Godke, R. A. Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhabitors on ovulation in hCG-stimulated mares. Theriogenology 58, 1017–1026 (2002).
155.
Pinto, C. R. F. et al. Concentrations of nitric oxide in equine preovulatory follicles before and after administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Theriogenology 60, 819–827 (2003).
156.
Pozar, M. A., McDonnell, S. M., Kenny, R. M. & Tischner, M. GnRH facilitates copulatory behaviour in geldings treated with testosterone. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
157.
Pycock, J. et al. Correlation of plasma concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol with ultrasound characteristics of the uterus and duration of oestrous behaviour in the cycling mare. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 30, 224–227 (1995).
158.
Roser, J. F., McCue, P. M. & Hoye, E. Inhibin activity in the mare and stallion. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 11, 87–100 (1994).
159.
Roy, S. K. & Greenwald, G. S. In vitro steroidogeneis by primary to antral follicles in the hamster during the periovulatory period:  Effects of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and prolactin. Biology of Reproduction 37, (1987).
160.
Sarwar, A., Enbergs, H. & Klug, E. Influence of parity, age, mineral and trace element-mixture supplementation on puerperal status in mares: analysis and quantification through progesterone profiles. Veterinarski Arhive 68, (1998).
161.
Sharp, D. C. & Clever, B. D. Melatonin. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
162.
SHARP, D. C. Transition into the breeding season: clues to the mechanisms of seasonality. Equine Veterinary Journal 20, 159–161 (1988).
163.
SHORT, R. V. STEROIDS IN THE FOLLICULAR FLUID AND THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE MARE. A ‘TWO-CELL TYPE’ THEORY OF OVARIAN STEROID SYNTHESIS. Journal of Endocrinology 24, 59–63 (1962).
164.
Silva, P. J., Squires, E. L. & Nett, T. M. Changes in the hypothalmic-hypophysical axis of mares associated with seasonal reproductive recrudescences. Biology of Reproduction 35, (1986).
165.
SIROIS, J., BALL, B. A. & FORTUNE, J. E. Patterns of growth and regression of ovarian follicles during the oestrous cycle and after hemiovariectomy in mares. Equine Veterinary Journal 21, 43–48 (2010).
166.
Spicer, L. J., Tucker, K. E., Henderson, K. A. & Duby, R. T. Concentrations of insulin like growth factor-1 in follicular fluid and blood plasma of mares during early and late oestrus. Animal Reproduction Science 25, (1991).
167.
Squires, E. L. Progesterone. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
168.
Stevenson, K. R., Parkinson, T. J. & Wathes, D. C. Measurements of oxytocin concentration in plasma and ovarian extracts during the oestrus cycle of mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 93, (1991).
169.
Strauss, S. S., Chen, C. L., Kalra, S. P. & Sharp, D. C. Localization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized... Journal of Reproduction and Fetility 27, (1979).
170.
Tanaka, Y. et al. Ovarian secretion of inhibin in mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 56, (2000).
171.
Tetzke, T. A., Ismail, S., Mikuckis, G. & Evans, J. W. Patterns of oxytocin secretion during the oestrous cycle of the mare. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
172.
Thompson, D. L., Hoffman, R. & DePew, C. L. Prolactin administration to seasonally anoestrous mares: Reproductive, metabolic and hair-shedding responses. Journal of Animal Science 75, (1997).
173.
Thompson, D. L. & Johnson, L. Concentrations of prolactin luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in pituitary and serum of horses.  Effect of sex, season and reproductive state. Journal of Animal Science 63, (1986).
174.
Tucker, K. E., Henderson, K. A. & Duby, R. T. In vitro steroidogenesis by granulosa cells from equine pre-ovulatory follicles. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
175.
Turner, J. E. & Irvine, C. H. The effect of various gonadotrophin-releasing hormone regimens on gonadotrophins, follicular... Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
176.
Watson, E., McDonnell, A. & Cuddeford, D. Characteristics of cyclicity in maiden thoroughbred mares in the United Kingdom. Veterinary Record 135, 104–106 (1994).
177.
Watson, E. D., Pedersen, H. G., Thomson, S. R. M. & Fraser, H. M. Control of follicular development and luteal function in the mare: Effects of a GnRH antagonist. Theriogenology 54, 599–609 (2000).
178.
Weedman, B. J., King, S. S., Neumann, K. R. & Nequin, L. G. Comparison of circulating estradiol-178 and folliculogenesis during the breeding season, autumn transition and anestrus in the mare. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 13, 502–505 (1993).
179.
Weeson, J. A. & Ginther, O. J. Influence of season and age on reproductive activity in pony mares on the basis of a slaughterhouse survey. Journal of Animal Science vol. 52 https://dl.sciencesocieties.org/publications/jas/abstracts/52/1/JAN0520010119 (1981).
180.
Wilson, T. Highly Prolific Booroola Sheep Have a Mutation in the Intracellular Kinase Domain of Bone Morphogenetic Protein IB Receptor (ALK-6) That Is Expressed in Both Oocytes and Granulosa Cells. Biology of Reproduction 64, 1225–1235 (2001).
181.
Worthy, K. et al. Plasma prolactin concentrations in non-pregnant mares at different times of the year and in... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
182.
Amann, R. P. A review of anatomy and physiology of the stallion. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 1, 83–105 (1981).
183.
Amann, R. P. Spermatogenesis in the stallion: A review. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 1, 131–139 (1981).
184.
Amman, R. P. Physiology and endocrinology. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
185.
Argo, C. M., Cox, J. E. & Gray, J. L. Effect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility vol. 44 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795254 (1991).
186.
Aurich, C., Sieme, H., Happe, H. & Schlota, R. Involvement of endogenous opiords in the regulation of LH and testosterone release in the male horse. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 102, (1994).
187.
Berndston, W. E. & Jones, L. S. Relationship of intratesticular testosterone content to age, spermatogenesis, sertoli cell distribution and germ cell:  ratio. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 85, (1989).
188.
Besognet, B., Hansen, B. S. & Daels, P. L. Dopominergic regulation of gonadotrophin secretion in seasonally anoestrus mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 108, (1996).
189.
Blue, B. J. et al. Effect of pulsatile or continuous administration of GnRH on reproductive function of stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fetility 44, (1991).
190.
Blanchard, T. L. et al. Pulsatile release of gonadotropins in young pony stallions. Theriogenology 34, 1087–1097 (1990).
191.
Burns, P. J., Kumaresan, P. & Douglas, R. H. Plasma oxytocin concentrations in cyclic mares and sexually aroused stallions. Theriogenology 16, 531–539 (1981).
192.
Christensen, J. W., Zharkihk, T., Ladewig, J. & Yasinetskaya, N. Social behaviour in stallion groups (Equus prezewalskii and Equus caballus) kept under natural and domestic conditions. Applied Animal Behaviour and Science 76, (2002).
193.
Clay, C. M. & Clay, J. N. Endocrine and testicular changes associated with season, artificial photoperiod, and the... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Veterinary Clinics of North America Equine Practice 8, (1992).
194.
Clay, C. M., Squires, E. L., Amann, R. R. & Nett, T. M. Influences of season and artificial photoperiod on stallions:  Luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and testosterone. Journal of Animal Science 66, (1988).
195.
Clay, C. M., Squire, E. L., Amann, R. R. & Nett, T. M. Influences of season and artificial photoperiod on stallion’s pituitary and testicular responses to exogenous GnRH. Journal of Animal Science 67, (1989).
196.
Claus, R., Dimmick, M. A., Gimenez, T. & Hudson, L. W. Estrogens and prostaglandin F2α in the semen and blood plasma of stallions. Theriogenology 38, 687–693 (1992).
197.
Collingsworth, M. G. R., Fuller, Z., Cox, J. E. & McG. Argo, C. Changes in plasma gonadotrophin and prolactin concentrations following castration of the pony stallion. Theriogenology 55, 1171–1180 (2001).
198.
Ganjam, V. K. Episodic nature of the delta 4-ene and delta 5-ene steroidogenic pathways and their... Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
199.
Hess, M. F. & Roser, J. F. The effects of age, season and fertility status on plasma and intratesticular insulin-like growth factor I concentration in stallions. Theriogenology 56, 723–733 (2001).
200.
Irvine, C. H. G. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 3, (1984).
201.
Irvine, C. H. G. & Alexander, S. L. Effect of sexual arousal on gonadotrophin-releasing hormone, luteinizing hormone and... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility vol. 44 http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/1795257 (1991).
202.
Irvine, C. H. G., Alexander, S. L. & Turner, J. E. Seasonal variation in the feedback of sex steroid hormones on serum LH concentration in the male horse. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 76, (1986).
203.
Irvine, C. H. G. & Alexander, S. L. GnRH. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
204.
Johnson, L. Spermatogenesis. in Reproduction in domestic animals (Academic Press, 1977).
205.
Johnson, L. Seasonal differences in equine spermatogenesis. Biology of Reproduction 44, (1991).
206.
Johnson, L. & Thompson, D. L. Age related and seasonal variation in sertoli cell population daily spermatozoa production and serum concentrations of FSH, LH, and testosterone in stallions. Biology of Reproduction 29, (1983).
207.
Johnson, L., Varner, D. D., Tatum, M. E. & Scrutchfield, W. L. Season but not age affects Sertoli cell numbers in adult stallions. Biology of Reproduction 45, (1991).
208.
Johnson, L., Varner, D. & Thompson, D. L. Effect of age and season on the establishment of spermatogenesis in the horse. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, 87–97 (1991).
209.
Lang, A. L., Vogelsang, M. M. & Potter, G. D. Circadian patterns of plasma LH, and testosterone concentrations in stallions in summer and winter. Proceedings of the 14th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium ... - Google Books.
210.
McDonnell, S. M. Reproductive behavior of stallions and mares: comparison of free-running and domestic in-hand breeding. Animal Reproduction Science 60–61, 211–219 (2000).
211.
Madill, S. Reproductive considerations: mare and stallion. Veterinary Clinic of North America Equine Practice 18, (2002).
212.
MALMGREN, L., ANDRESEN, Ø. & DALIN, A.-M. Effect of GnRH immunisation on hormonal levels, sexual behaviour, semen quality and testicular morphology in mature stallions. Equine Veterinary Journal 33, 75–83 (2010).
213.
Naden, J., Amann, R. R. & Squires, E. L. Testicular growth, hormone concentrations, seminal characteristics and sexual behaviour in stallions. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 88, (1990).
214.
Nett, T. M. Reproductive peptide protein hormones. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
215.
Pickett, B. W. & Voss, J. L. Reproductive management of stallions. in Proceedings of the 14th Equine Nutrition and Physiology Symposium ... - Google Books (Equine Nutrition and Physiology Society, 1995).
216.
Pickett, B. W., Amman, R. P., McKinnon, A. O., Squires, E. L. & Voss, J. L. Management of the stallion for maximum reproductive efficiency II. in Animal Reproduction Laboratory Bulletin 5 (1989).
217.
Pozar, M. A., McDonnell, S. M., Kenney, R. M. & Tixhner, M. GnRH facilitates capulatory behaviour in geldings treated with test. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
218.
Roser, J. F. & Hughes, J. P. Prolonged pulsatile administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to fertile stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
219.
Roser, J. F. Endocrine basis for testicular function in the stallion. Theriogenology 48, 883–892 (1997).
220.
Rossdale, P. D. & Ricketts, S. W. Equine stud farm medicine. (Baillière Tindall).
221.
Seamens, M., Roser, J. F., Linford, R. L., Liu, D. M. & Hughes, J. P. Gonadotrophin and steroid concentrations in jugular and testicular venous plasma in stallions... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
222.
Sharman, O. P. Diurnal variations of plasma testosterone in stallions. Biology of Reproduction 15, (1976).
223.
Sharp, D. C. & Clever, D. I. Melatonin. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
224.
Stewart, B. L. & Roser, J. F. Effects of age, season, and fertility status on plasma and intratesticular immunoreactive (IR) inhibin concentrations in stallions. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 15, 129–139 (1998).
225.
Stout, T. A. E. Modulating reproductive activity in stallions: A review. Animal Reproduction Science 89, 93–103 (2005).
226.
Stout, T. A. E. & Colenbrander, B. Suppressing reproductive activity in horses using GnRH vaccines, antagonists or agonists. Animal Reproduction Science 82–83, 633–643 (2004).
227.
Thomson, C., Thompson, D. L., Kincaid, L. A. & Nadel, M. R. Prolactin involvement with the increase in seminal volume after sexual stimulation in stallions. Journal of Animal Science 74, (1996).
228.
Thompson, D. L. & Honey, P. G. Active immunisation of prepubertal colts against estrogens, hormonal and testicular response after puberty. Journal of Animal Science 51, (1984).
229.
Thompson, D. L., Johnson, L., St. George, R. L. & Garza, F. Concentrations of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone in the pituitary and serum of horses.  Effect of sex, season and reproductive state. Journal of Animal Science 63, (1986).
230.
Thompson, D. L., St. George, R. L., Jones, L. S. & Garza, F. Patterns of secretion of LH, FSH, and testosterone in stallions during the summer and winter. Journal of Animal Science 60, (1985).
231.
Villani, M. et al. Effects of Mating on Plasma Concentrations of Testosterone, Cortisol, Oestrone Sulphate and 15-Ketodihydro-PGF2? in Stallions. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 41, 544–548 (2006).
232.
Weber, J. A. & Woods, G. L. Ultrasonic measurements of stallion accessory glands and excurrent ducts during seminal emission and ejaculation. Biology of Reproduction 49, (1993).
233.
Allen, W. R. The diagnosis and handling of early gestational abnormalities in the mare. Animal Reproduction Science 28, 31–38 (1992).
234.
Ainsworth, C. G. V. & Hyland, J. H. Continuous infusion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) advances the onset of oestrous... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
235.
Alexander, S. L. & Irvine, C. H. G. Control of onset of breeding season in the mare and its artificial regulation by progesterone... - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
236.
ALLEN, W. R. et al. Further Studies on the Use of Synthetic Prostaglandin Analogues for Inducing Luteolysis in Mares. Equine Veterinary Journal 6, 31–35 (1974).
237.
Allen, W. R. Control of Oestrus and Ovulation in the Mare. in Control of ovulation: [proceedings of the 26th. Nottingham Easter School in Agricultural Science] (Butterworth, 1978).
238.
Allen, W. R. & Rowson, K. E. A. Control of the mares oestrous cycle by prostaglandins. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 33, (1973).
239.
Argo, C. M., Cox, J. E. & Gray, J. L. Effect of oral melatonin treatment on the seasonal physiology of pony stallions. - Abstract - Europe PubMed Central. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
240.
Arrott, C. et al. Biodegradable estradiol microspheres do not affect uterine involution or characteristics of postpartum estrus in mares. Theriogenology 42, 371–384 (1994).
241.
Ashbury, A. C. Examination of the mare. in Equine medicine and surgery (American Veterinary Publications, 1991).
242.
Ball, B. A. & Brinsko, S. P. Early Embryo loss - a research update. in Modern Horse Breeding IX.
243.
Barbacini, S., Zavaglia, G., Gulden, P., Marchi, V. & Necchi, D. Retrospective study on the efficacy of hCG in an equine artificial insemination programme using frozen semen. Equine Veterinary Education 12, 312–317 (2010).
244.
Bell, R. J. & Bristol, F. M. Fertility and pregnancy loss after delay of foal oestrus with progesterone and oestradid 17. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 35, (1987).
245.
K. Bennett-Wimbush1, W.E. Loch2, H. Plata-Madrid2, T. Evans3. The effects of perphenazine and bromocriptine on follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in anestrous pony mares. The effects of perphenazine and bromocriptine on follicular dynamics and endocrine profiles in anestrous pony maresRecommended articlesDownload PDFs 49, 717–733.
246.
Bergfelt, D. R. & Adams, G. P. Ovarian synchronization following follicle ablation in mares. Theriogenology 45, (1996).
247.
Bergfelt, D. R. et al. Ovulation synchronization following commercial application of ultrasound-guided follicle ablation during the estrous cycle in mares. Theriogenology 68, 1183–1191 (2007).
248.
Blanchard, T. L. & Macpherson, M. L. Breeding mares on foal heat. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
249.
Blanchard, T. L. et al. Mating mares on foal heat: a five-year retrospective study. - CAB Direct. American Association of of Equine Practitioners (2004).
250.
Blanchard, T. L. et al. Influence of day of postpartum breeding on pregnancy rate, pregnancy loss rate, and foaling rate in Thoroughbred mares. Theriogenology 77, 1290–1296 (2012).
251.
Bowling, A. T., Milton, L. & Hughes, J. P. An update of chromosomal abnormalities in mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 35, (1987).
252.
Bradecamp, E. A. Synchronisation of Ovulation. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
253.
Brendemuehl, J. P. & Cross, D. L. Influence of the dopamine antagonist domperidone on the vernal transition in seasonally anoestrous mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 56, (2000).
254.
Bristol, F. Oestrus synchronisation in mares. in Current therapy in theriogenology: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of reproductive diseases in animals (Saunders, 1980).
255.
Burkhardt, J. Transition from anoestrus in the mare and the effects of artificial lighting. The Journal of Agricultural Science 37, (1947).
256.
Burns SJ, Irvine, C. H. & Amoss, M. S. Fertility of prostaglandine induced oestrus compared to normal post-partum oestrus. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 27, (1979).
257.
Carnevale, E. et al. Comparison of oocytes from young and old mares with light and electron microscopy. Theriogenology 51, (1999).
258.
Cooper, M. J. Prostaglandins in Veterinary practice. In Practice 3, (1981).
259.
Crowhurst, R. C., Simpson, D. J., Greenwood, R. E. & Ellis, D. R. CEM. Vet Record 104, (1979).
260.
Daels, P. F. & Hughes, J. P. Fertility control using intrauterine devices: An alternative for population control in wild horses. Theriogenology 44, 629–639 (1995).
261.
Daels PF, Fatone, S., Hansen, B. S. & Concannon, P. W. Dopamine antagonist-induced reproductive function in anoestrous mares; gonadotrophin secretion and the effects of environmental cues. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 173–183 (2000) doi:info:pmid/20681129.
262.
Depew, C. G. Horse breeding management. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 15, 228–229 (1995).
263.
Dinger, J. E., Noiles, E. E. & Bates, M. J. L. Effect of progesterone impregnated vaginal sponges and PMSG administration on estrus synchronization in mares. Theriogenology 16, 231–237 (1981).
264.
doig, R. A. & Waelchi, R. O. Endometrial Biopsy. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
265.
Douglas, R. H., Nuti, L. & Ginther, O. J. Induction of ovulation and multiple ovulation in seasonally-anovulatory mares with equine pituitary fractions. Theriogenology 2, 133–142 (1974).
266.
Evans MJ. Induction of follicular development and ovulation in seasonally acyclic mares using gonadotrophin-releasing hormones and progesterone. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 113–121 (1979) doi:info:pmid/383982.
267.
Farquhar, V. J., M. McCue, P., Vanderwall, D. K. & Squires, E. L. Efficacy of the gnrh agonist deslorelin acetate for inducing ovulation in mares relative to age of mare and season. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 20, 722–725 (2000).
268.
Farquar, V. J., McCue, P. M., Nett, T. M. & Squires, E. L. Effect of deslorelin acetate on gonadotrophin secretion and ovarian follicle development in cycling mares. Journal of American Veterinary Medicine Association vol. 218 http://avmajournals.avma.org/doi/abs/10.2460/javma.2001.218.749 (2001).
269.
Ferreira-Dias, G. et al. Seasonal reproduction in the mare: possible role of plasma leptin, body weight and immune status. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29, 203–213 (2005).
270.
First, N. L. Synchronization of Estrus and Ovulation in the Mare with Methallibure. Journal of Animal Science 36, 1143–1148.
271.
Fitzgerald BP. Potential signals mediating the maintenance of reproductive activity during the non-breeding season of the mare. Reproduction (Cambridge, England) Supplement 59, 115–129 (2002).
272.
Gastal, E. L., Donadeu, F. X., Gastal, M. O. & Ginther, O. J. Echotextural changes in the follicular wall during follicle deviation in mares. Theriogenology 52, 803–814 (1999).
273.
Gentry, L. R. High versus low body condition in mares: Interactions with responses to somatotropin, GnRH analog, and dexamethasone. Journal of Animal Science 80, 3277–3285 (2002).
274.
Gentry, L. R. The relationship between body condition, leptin, and reproductive and hormonal characteristics of mares during the seasonal anovulatory period. Journal of Animal Science 80, 2695–2703 (2002).
275.
Gentry, L R. Responses of seasonally anovulatory mares to daily administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and(or) gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog. Journal of animal science 80, 208–213.
276.
Gibbs, P. G. & Davison, K. E. A field study on reproductive efficiency of mares maintained predominately on native pasture. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, 219–222 (1992).
277.
Ginther, O. J. & Pierson, R. A. Ultrasonic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the mare; principles, equipment, and techniques. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 3, 195–201 (1983).
278.
Ginther, O. J. & Pierson, R. A. Ultrasonic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the mare; principles, equipment, and techniques. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 3, 195–201 (1983).
279.
Ginther, O. J. & Pierson, R. A. Ultrasonic evaluation of the reproductive tract of the mare; principles, equipment, and techniques. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 3, 195–201 (1983).
280.
Ginther, O. J. Twinning in mares: A review of recent studies. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2, 127–135 (1982).
281.
Handler, J., Schönlieb, S., Hoppen, H.-O. & Aurich, C. Seasonal effects on attempts to synchronize estrus and ovulation by intravaginal application of progesterone-releasing device (PRIDTM) in mares. Theriogenology 65, 1145–1158 (2006).
282.
Harrison, L. A., Squires, E. L. & McKinnon, A. O. Comparison of HCG, buserelin and luprostiol for induction of ovulation in cycling mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 11, 163–166 (1991).
283.
Harrison, L A. Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone for hastening ovulation in transitional mares. Journal of animal science 68, 690–699.
284.
Hedburg, Y., Dalin, A. M., Santesson, M. & Kindahl, H. A preliminary study on the induction of dioestrous ovulation in the mare--a possible method for inducing prolonged luteal phase. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 26, (2006).
285.
Heidler, B. et al. Effects of lactation on metabolic and reproductive hormones in Lipizzaner mares. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 25, 47–59 (2003).
286.
Fitzgerald, B. P. Photoperiodic Versus Metabolic Signals as Determinants of Seasonal Anestrus in the Mare. Biology of Reproduction 63, 335–340 (2000).
287.
Holtan, D. W., Douglas, R. H. & Ginther, O. J. Estrus, ovulation and conception following synchronisation with progesterone, prostaglandin F2x and human chorionic gonadotrophin in pony mares. Journal of Animal Science 44, (1977).
288.
Hyland JH. Infusion of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces ovulation and fertile oestrus in mares during seasonal anoestrus. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 35, 211–220 (1987).
289.
Hyland, J. H. & Jeffcott, L. B. Control of transitional anestrus in mares by infusion of gonadotropin releasing hormone. Theriogenology 29, 1383–1391 (1988).
290.
Imboden, I. et al. Influence of immunization against GnRH on reproductive cyclicity and estrous behavior in the mare. Theriogenology 66, (2006).
291.
Ionata, L. M., Anderson, T. M., Pickett, B. W., Heird, J. C. & Squires, E. L. Effect of supplementary sexual preparation on semen characteristics of stallions. Theriogenology 36, 923–937 (1991).
292.
Irvine, C. H. G. GnRH. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 6, (1986).
293.
Ishii, M. et al. Reproductive performance and factors that decrease pregnancy rate in heavy draft horses bred at the foal heat. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 21, 131–136 (2001).
294.
Jöchle, W. & Trigg, T. E. Control of Ovulation in the Mare With OvuplantTM. A Short-Term Release Implant (STI) Containing The GNRH Analogue Deslorelin Acetate: Studies from 1990 to 1994. (A Review). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 14, 632–644 (1994).
295.
Jöchle W. Release of LH, FSH and GnRH into pituitary venous blood in mares treated with a PGF analogue, luprostiol, during the transition period. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 35, 261–267 (1987).
296.
Kenney, R. M. Endometriol biopsy technique and classification according to interpretation. Proc Soc Theriogenology (1978).
297.
Kesler, D. J. & Lock, T. F. Effect of Altrenogest Treatment to Early Postpartum Mares on Reproductive Performance of the Mare and Health, Growth and Development of the Foal. Journal of Applied Animal Research 14, 51–56 (1998).
298.
King, S. S., Jones, K. L., Mullenix, B. A. & Heath, D. T. Seasonal relationships between dopamine D1 and D2 receptor and equine FSH receptor mRNA in equine ovarian epithelium. Animal Reproduction Science 108, 259–266 (2008).
299.
Kooistra LH. Effect of photoperiod on reproductive activity and hair in mares. American journal of veterinary research 36, 1413–1419 (1975).
300.
Kubiak, J. R., Crawford, B. H., Squires, E. L., Wrigley, R. H. & Ward, G. M. The influence of energy intake and percentage of body fat on the reproductive performance of nonpregnant mares. Theriogenology 28, 587–598 (1987).
301.
Lapin, D. J. & Ginther, O. J. Induction of ovulation and multiple ovulations in seasonally-anovulatory mares with equine pituitary extract. Journal of Animal Science 44, (1977).
302.
Le Blanc, M. M. Endoscopy. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
303.
Levy, I. & Duchamp, G. A Single Subcutaneous Administration of Buserelin Induces Ovulation in the Mare: Field Data. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 42, 550–554 (2007).
304.
Loy RG. Sources of variation in response intervals after prostaglandin treatment in mares with functional corpora lutea. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 229–235 (1979).
305.
Loy, R. G. Effects of Exogenous Progestogens on Reproductive Phenomena in Mares. Journal of Animal Science 25, 821–826.
306.
Lübbecke, M., Klug, E., Hoppen, H. O. & Jöchle, W. Attempts to Synchronize Estrus and Ovulation in Mares Using Progesterone (CIDR-B) and GnRH-Analog Deslorelin. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 29, 305–314 (1994).
307.
Mather EC. The use of fibre-optic techniques in clinical diagnosis and visual assessment of experimental intrauterine therapy in mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 293–297 (1979).
308.
McCall, C. A. Utilizing taped stallion vocalizations as a practical aid in estrus detection in mares. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 28, 305–310 (1991).
309.
McCue, P. M., Farquhar, V. J., Carnevale, E. M. & Squires, E. L. Removal of deslorelin (OvuplantTM) implant 48 h after administration results in normal interovulatory intervals in mares. Theriogenology 58, 865–870 (2002).
310.
McCue, P. M., LeBlanc, M. M. & Squires, E. L. eFSH in clinical equine practice. Theriogenology 68, 429–433 (2007).
311.
McDonnell, S. M. Reproductive behavior of stallions and mares: comparison of free-running and domestic in-hand breeding. Animal Reproduction Science 60–61, 211–219 (2000).
312.
McDonnell, S. M., Garcia, M. C., Blanchard, T. L. & Kenney, R. M. Evaluation of androgenized mares as an estrus detection aid. Theriogenology 26, (1986).
313.
McKinnon, A. O. Uterine Pathology. in Equine diagnostic ultrasonography (Williams & Wilkins, 1998).
314.
McKinnon, A. O. & Carnevale, E. M. Ultrasonography. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
315.
Johnson, C. A., Thompson, D. L., Kulinski, K. M. & Guitreau, A. M. Prolonged interovulatory interval and hormonal changes in mares following the use of OvuplantTM to hasten ovulation. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 20, 331–336 (2000).
316.
Merkt, H. Reproduction management in the German Thoroughbred breeding industry. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 20, 822–825, 868 (2000).
317.
Morehead, J. P., Colon, J. L. & Blanchard, T. L. Clinical experience with native GnRH therapy to hasten follicular development and first ovulation of the breeding season. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 21, (2001).
318.
Mumford, E L. Effect of various doses of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue on induction of ovulation in anestrous mares. Journal of animal science 72, 178–183.
319.
Murphy, B. A. et al. Blue light from individual light masks directed at a single eye advances the breeding season in mares. Equine Veterinary Journal (2013) doi:10.1111/evj.12153.
320.
Newcombe J. R. Embryonic loss and abnormalities of early pregnancy. Equine Veterinary Education 12, 88–101 (2010).
321.
Newcombe, J. R. Field observations on the use of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device to induce estrus and ovulation in seasonally anestrous mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 22, 378–382 (2002).
322.
Newcombe, J.R. The use of progesterone releasing intravaginal devices to induce estrus and ovulation in anestrous Standardbred mares in Australia. Equine practice (USA).
323.
Nie, G. J., Johnson, K. E., Braden, T. D. & Wenzel, J. G. W. Use of an intra-uterine glass ball protocol to extend luteal function in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 23, 266–273 (2003).
324.
Nie, G. J., Goodin, A. N., Braden, T. D. & Wenzel, J. G. W. Luteal and clinical response following administration of dinoprost tromethamine or cloprostenol at standard intramuscular sites or at the lumbosacral acupuncture points in mares. American Journal of Veterinary Research 62, (2001).
325.
Nie, G. J., Johnson, K. E. & Wenzel, J. G. W. Use of glass ball to suppress behavioural estrus in mares. Proceedings of American Association of Equine Practioners 47, (2001).
326.
Nishikawa, Y. Studies on reproduction in horses: singularity and artificial control in reproductive phenomena. (Japan Racing Association, 1959).
327.
Norman, S. T., Larsen, J. E. & Morton, J. M. Oestrous response and follicular development in mares after treatment with an intravaginal progesterone releasing device in association with single injections of oestradiol benzoate and PGF2alpha. Australian Veterinary Journal 84, (2006).
328.
Noue, P. et al. Sexual behavior of stallions during in-hand natural service and semen collection: an observation in French studs. Animal Reproduction Science 68, 161–169 (2001).
329.
Oxender WD. Estrus, ovulation, and serum progesterone, estradiol, and LH concentrations in mares after an increased photoperiod during winter. American journal of veterinary research 38, 203–207 (1977).
330.
Palmer, E. Uses of LHRH and analogues in the mare. Proc 11th Int Cong Anim Reprod and AI.
331.
Palmer, E. & Driancourt, M. A. Some interactions of season of foaling, photoperiod and ovarian activity in the equine. Livestock Production Science 10, 197–210 (1983).
332.
Palmer, E., Draincourt, M. A. & Ortavent, R. Photoperiodic stimulation of the mare during winter anoestrus. - PubMed - NCBI. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 32, (1982).
333.
Palmer E. Reproductive management of mares without detection of oestrus. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 263–270 (1979).
334.
Palmer E. Synchronization of oestrus in mares with a prostaglandin analogue and HCG. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 269–274 (1975).
335.
Panzani, D. et al. Clinical use of dopamine antagonist sulpiride to advance first ovulation in transitional mares. Theriogenology 75, 138–143 (2011).
336.
Pascoe RR. Observations on the length and angle of declination of the vulva and its relation to fertility in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 299–305 (1979).
337.
Peres, K. R., Fernandes, C. B., Alvarenga, M. A. & Landim-Alvarenga, F. C. Effect of eFSH on Ovarian Cyclicity and Embryo Production of Mares in Spring Transitional Phase. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 27, 176–180 (2007).
338.
Perkins, N. & Grimmett, J. Pregnancy and twinning rates in Thoroughbred mares following the administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). New Zealand Veterinary Journal 49, 94–100 (2001).
339.
Pinto, C. R. F. Proestagens and Progsterone. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
340.
Pycock, J. Pre-breeding checks for mares. In Practice 26, 78–85 (2004).
341.
Pycock, J. F. & Newcombe, J. R. Assessment of the effect of three treatments to remove intrauterine fluid on pregnancy rate in the mare. Vet Rec 138, (1996).
342.
Raz, T., Carley, S. & Card, C. Comparison of the effects of eFSH and deslorelin treatment regimes on ovarian stimulation and embryo production of donor mares in early vernal transition. Theriogenology 71, 1358–1366 (2009).
343.
Ricketts SW. Role of anaerobic bacteria in equine endometritis. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 35, 343–351 (1987).
344.
Ricketts, S. W., young, A. & Medici, E. B. Uterine and Clitored Culture. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
345.
Ricketts, S. Bacterioloical examinations of the mare’s cervix: techniques and interpretation of results. Veterinary Record 108, 46–51 (1981).
346.
Ricketts, S. W. The barren mare.  Diagnosis, prognosis, prophylaxis and treatment for genital abnormality.  Part 1 and Part 2. In Practice 11,.
347.
Rivera del Alamo, M. M., Reilas, T., Kindahl, H. & Katila, T. Mechanisms behind intrauterine device-induced luteal persistence in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 107, 94–106 (2008).
348.
Rutten DR. Progesterone therapy in mares with abnormal oestrous cycles. The Veterinary record 119, 569–571 (1986).
349.
Samper, J. C. Induction of estrus and ovulation: Why some mares respond and others do not. Theriogenology 70, 445–447 (2008).
350.
Samper, J. C., Jensen, S., Sergeant, J. & Estrada, A. Timing of induction of ovulation in mares treated with Ovuplant or Chorulon. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 22, 320–323 (2002).
351.
Scaramuzzi, R. J. & Martin, G. B. The Importance of Interactions Among Nutrition, Seasonality and Socio-sexual. Factors in the Development of Hormone-free Methods for Controlling Fertility. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 43, (2008).
352.
Scheffrahn, N. S., Wiseman, B. S., Vincent, D. L., Harrison, P. C. & Kesler, D. J. Ovulation control in pony mares during early spring using progestins, PGF2x, hcG and GnRH. Journal of Animal Science 51, (1980).
353.
S.T. Scraba, O.J. Ginther. Effects of lighting programs on onset of the ovulatory season in mares. Theriogenology 24, 667–679.
354.
Sharma, S., Davies Morel, M. C. G. & Dhaliwal, G. S. Factors affecting the incidence of postpartum oestrus, ovarian activity and reproductive performance in Thoroughbred mares bred at foal heat under Indian subtropical conditions. Theriogenology 74, (2010).
355.
Sharp, D. C. Photoperiod. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
356.
Sharp DC. Effects of artificial light on the oestrous cycle of the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 241–246 (1975).
357.
Shideler, R. K. Rectal Palpation. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
358.
Shoemaker, C. F., Squires, E. L. & Shideler, R. K. Safety of altrenogest in pregnant mares and on health and development of offspring. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 9, 69–72 (1989).
359.
Squires, E. L. Progestin. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
360.
Squires, E. L. Relationship of Altrenogest to Ovarian Activity, Hormone Concentrations and Fertility of Mares. Journal of Animal Science 56, 901–910.
361.
Squires, E. L. Effect of an Oral Progestin on the Estrous Cycle and Fertility of Mares. Journal of Animal Science 49, 729–735.
362.
Squires, E. L., Shideler, R. K. & McKinnon, A. O. Reproductive performance of offspring from mares administered altrenogest during gestation. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 9, 73–76 (1989).
363.
Staempfli, S. A. Prostaglandins. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
364.
Stanton, M. E. Uterine involution. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
365.
Stout, T. A. E. Modulating reproductive activity in stallions: A review. Animal Reproduction Science 89, 93–103 (2005).
366.
Stout, T. A. E. & Colenbrander, B. Suppressing reproductive activity in horses using GnRH vaccines, antagonists or agonists. Animal Reproduction Science 82–83, 633–643 (2004).
367.
Swinker, A. M., Squires, E. L., Mumford, E. L., Knowles, J. E. & Kniffen, D. M. Effect of body weight and body condition score on follicular development and ovulation in mares treated with GnRH analogue. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 13, 519–520 (1993).
368.
Troedsson, M. H. T. Uterine clearance and resistance to persistent endometritis in the mare. Theriogenology 52, 461–471 (1999).
369.
Turkstra, J. A. et al. Effects of GnRH immunization in sexually mature pony stallions. Animal Reproduction Science 86, 247–259 (2005).
370.
Vanderwall, D. K., Juergens, T. D. & Woods, G. L. Reproductive performance of commercial broodmares after induction of ovulation with HCG or OvuplantTM (deslorelin). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 21, 539–542 (2001).
371.
van Niekerk CH. Progesterone treatment of mares with abnormal oestrous cycles early in the breeding season. Journal of the South African Veterinary Medical Association 44, 37–45 (1973).
372.
Niekerk, C.H. van. Nutrition and ovarian activity of mares early in the breeding season. J Afr Vet Assoc.
373.
Van Niekerk, F. E. & Van Niekerk, C. H. The effect of dietary protein on reproduction in the mare III ovarian and uterine changes during anovulatory, transitional and ovulatory periods in non-pregnant mare. Journal of the South African Veterinary Association 68, (1997).
374.
Veronesi, M. C., Battocchio, M., Faustini, M., Gandini, M. & Cairoli, F. Relationship between pharmacological induction of estrous and/or ovulation and twin pregnancy in the Thoroughbred mares. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 25, 133–140 (2003).
375.
Voss, J. L. & Pickett, B. W. The effect of nutritional supplement on conception role in mares. Prac Am Assoc Equine Pract (1973).
376.
Walsh, C. M., Prendergast, R. L., Sheridan, J. T. & Murphy, B. A. Blue light from light-emitting diodes directed at a single eye elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in horses. The Veterinary Journal 196, 231–235 (2013).
377.
Watson, E. D. Post-breeding endometritis in the mare. Animal Reproduction Science 60–61, 221–232 (2000).
378.
Willmann, C., Schuler, G., Hoffmann, B., Parvizi, N. & Aurich, C. Effects of age and altrenogest treatment on conceptus development and secretion of LH, progesterone and eCG in early-pregnant mares. Theriogenology 75, 421–428 (2011).
379.
Wilson, C. G., Downie, C. R., Hughes, J. P. & Roser, J. F. Effects of repeated hCG injections on reproductive efficiency in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 10, 301–308 (1990).
380.
Woods, G. L. Pregnancy loss.  A major cause of infertility in the mare. Equine Prac 11, (1989).
381.
M.J. Yoona, I. Boimeb, M. Colginc, K.D. Niswenderd, S.S. Kinge, M. Alvarengaf, A. Jablonka-Shariffb, C.A. Pearlb, J.F. Rosera, ,. The efficacy of a single chain recombinant equine luteinizing hormone (reLH) in mares: Induction of ovulation, hormone profiles, and inter-ovulatory intervals. Domestic Animal Endocrinology 33, 470–479.
382.
Allen, W. Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy. Reproduction 121, 513–527 (2001).
383.
Allen, W. R. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Immunological aspects of the equine endometrial cup reaction and the effect of xenogenic extra species pregnancy in horses and donkeys 31, (1982).
384.
Allen WE. Ovarian changes during early pregnancy in pony mares in relation to PMSG production. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 425–428 (1975).
385.
Allen, W. R. & Stewart, F. ECG. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
386.
Allen WR. Extraspecific donkey-in-horse pregnancy as a model of early fetal death. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 35, 197–209 (1987).
387.
Allen, W. The influence of maternal size on placental, fetal and postnatal growth in the horse. II. Endocrinology of pregnancy. Journal of Endocrinology 172, 237–246 (2002).
388.
Barnea, E. R. Insight into Early Pregnancy Events: The Emerging Role of the Embryo*. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 51, 319–322 (2004).
389.
Bazer, F. W. & Thatcher, W. W. Theory of maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine based on estrogen controlled endocrine versus exocrine secretion of prostaglandin F2α by the uterine endometrium. Prostaglandins 14, 397–401 (1977).
390.
Bazer, F. W., Ott, T. L. & Spencer, T. E. Pregnancy recognition in ruminants, pigs and horses: Signals from the trophoblast. Theriogenology 41, 79–94 (1994).
391.
Bergfelt, D. R. & Ginther, O. J. Relationships between circulating concentrations of fish and follicular waves during early pregnancy in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 12, 274–279 (1992).
392.
Berglund, L. A., Sharp, D. C., Vernon, M. W. & Thatcher, W. W. Effect of pregnancy status and collection technique on prostaglandin F in the uterine lumen of pony mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 32, (1982).
393.
B R Bhavnani. Formation of Steroids by the Pregnant Mare. III. Metabolism of 14C-Squalene and 3H-Dehydroisoandrosterone Injected into the Fetal Circulation1 1. Endocrinology (2013).
394.
BHAGU R. BHAVNANI. Formation of Steroids by the Pregnant Mare. IV. Metabolism 14of C-Mevalonic Acid and 3H-Dehydroisoandrosterone Injected into the Fetal Circulation14. Endocrinology (2013).
395.
CHAVATTE, P., HOLTAN, D., OUSEY, J. C. & ROSSDALE, P. D. Biosynthesis and possible biological roles of progestagens during equine pregnancy and in the newborn foal. Equine Veterinary Journal 29, 89–95 (2010).
396.
Choi, S. J., Anderson, G. B. & Roser, J. F. Production of estrogen conjugates and free estrogens by the pre-implantation equine embryo. Biology of Reproduction 52, (1995).
397.
Cox JE. Oestrone and equilin in the plasma of the pregnant mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 463–468 (1975).
398.
Daels, P., Albrecht, B. & Mohammed, H. In vitro regulation of luteal function in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 30, 211–217 (1995).
399.
Daels, P. F., Jorge De Moraes, M., Stabenfeldt, G. H., Hughes, J. P. & Lesley, B. The corpus luteum a major source of oestrogen in early pregnancy in the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 44, (1991).
400.
Daels, P. F., Shideler, S., Lasley, B. L., Hughes, J. P. & Stabenfeldt, G. H. Source of oestrogen in early pregnancy in the mare. Reproduction 90, 55–61 (1990).
401.
Equine Veterinary Journal. Volume 29,.
402.
Evans MJ. Serum concentrations of FSH, LH and progesterone during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 193–200 (1975).
403.
Flood PF. Oestrogens and androgens in blastocoelic fluid and cultures of cells from equine conceptuses of 10-22 days gestation. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 413–420 (1979).
404.
Freeman, D. A., Weber, J. A., Geary, R. T. & Woods, G. L. Time of embryo transport through the mare oviduct. Theriogenology 36, 823–830 (1991).
405.
GINTHER, O. J. Dynamic physical interactions between the equine embryo and uterus. Equine Veterinary Journal 17, 41–47 (2010).
406.
GINTHER, O. J. Twin embryos in mares II: post fixation embryo reduction. Equine Veterinary Journal 21, 171–174 (1989).
407.
Ginther, O. J. & Griffin, P. G. Natural outcome and ultrasonic identification of equine fetal twins. Theriogenology 41, 1193–1199 (1994).
408.
Goff AK. Oxytocin stimulation of plasma 15-keto-13,14-dihydro prostaglandin F-2 alpha during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 35, 253–260 (1987).
409.
Hamon M. Production of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone during late pregnancy in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 44, 529–535 (1991).
410.
Hansen TR. Mechanism of action of interferon-tau in the uterus during early pregnancy. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 54, 329–339 (1999).
411.
HARDING, R. Fetal pulmonary development: the role of respiratory movements. Equine Veterinary Journal 29, 32–39 (2010).
412.
Heap, R. B., Hamon, M. & Allen, W. R. Studies on oestrogen synthesis by pre-implantation equine conceptus. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 32, (1982).
413.
Hershman L. The critical period for the maternal recognition of pregnancy in pony mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 395–401 (1979).
414.
HOCHI, S., BRAUN, J. & OGURI, N. The hatching process of equine embryos in vitro. Equine Veterinary Journal 25, 91–94 (2010).
415.
Holtan DW. Effect of ovariectomy on pregnancy in mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 457–463 (1979).
416.
Holtan, D. W., Nett, T. M. & Estergreen, V. L. Plasma progestagens in pregnant mares. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility 23, (1975).
417.
Houghton E. Plasma progestagen concentrations in the normal and dysmature newborn foal. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 44, 609–617 (1991).
418.
Kindahl H. Progesterone, prostaglandin F-2 alpha, PMSG and oestrone sulphate during early pregnancy in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 32, 353–359 (1982).
419.
Klein, C., Scoggin, K. E., Ealy, A. D. & Troedsson, M. H. T. Transcriptional Profiling of Equine Endometrium During the Time of Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy. Biology of Reproduction 83, 102–113 (2010).
420.
Koets, A. P. The equine endometrial cup reaction: A review. Veterinary Quarterly 17, 21–29 (1995).
421.
Lamming, G. E. & Mann, G. E. Control of endometrial oxytocin receptors and prostaglandin F2  production in cows by progesterone and oestradiol. Reproduction 103, 69–73 (1995).
422.
LeBLANC, M. M. Identification and treatment of the compromised equine fetus: A clinical perspective. Equine Veterinary Journal 29, 100–103 (2010).
423.
Merchant-Larios H. Ultrastructural events in horse gonadal morphogenesis. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 479–485 (1979).
424.
Moor, R. M. Effect of embryo on corpus luteum function. | POPLINE.org. Journal of Animal Science (1968).
425.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Oestrogens. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
426.
Nett TM. Oestrogens, LH, PMSG, and prolactin in serum of pregnant mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 457–462 (1975).
427.
Ousey, J. C., Houghton, E., Grainger, L., Rossdale, P. D. & Fowden, A. L. Progestagen profiles during the last trimester of gestation in Thoroughbred mares with normal or compromised pregnancies. Theriogenology 63, 1844–1856 (2005).
428.
Paidas, M. J. et al. A genomic and proteomic investigation of the impact of preimplantation factor on human decidual cells. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 202, 459.e1-459.e8 (2010).
429.
Pashen, R. L. & Allen, W. R. Endocrine changes after foetal gonadectomy and during normal and induced parturition in the mare. Animal Reproduction Science 2, 271–288 (1979).
430.
Palmer E. Urinary oestrogen and plasma progesterone levels in non-pregnant mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 213–221 (1975).
431.
Pupkin, M. J., Schomberg, D. W., Nagey, D. A. & Crenshaw, C. Effects of exogenous dehydroepiandrosterone upon fet-placental biosynthesis of estrogens and its effect  upon uterine blood flow in term pregnant ewe. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 23, (1975).
432.
Raeside JI. Patterns of urinary oestrogen excretion in individual pregnant mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 649–675 (1975).
433.
Raeside JI. A precursor role for DHA in a feto-placental unit for oestrogen formation in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 493–497 (1979).
434.
Rivera del Alamo, M. M., Reilas, T., Kindahl, H. & Katila, T. Mechanisms behind intrauterine device-induced luteal persistence in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 107, 94–106 (2008).
435.
Robinson SJ. Modulation of oviductal transport in mares by local application of prostaglandin E2. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 587–592 (2000).
436.
McKinnon, A. O. & Voss, J. L. Maternal recognition of pregnancy. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
437.
SILBERZAHN, P., ZWAIN, I. & MARTIN, B. Concentration Increase of Unbound Testosterone in Plasma of the Mare throughout Pregnancy. Endocrinology 115, 416–419 (1984).
438.
Sissener, T. R., Squires, E. L. & Clay, C. M. Differential suppression of endometrial prostaglandin F2alpha by the equine conceptus. Theriogenology 45, 541–546 (1996).
439.
Spincemaille J. Some aspects of endometrial cup formation and PMSG production. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 415–418 (1975).
440.
Squires, E.L. Ovarian Changes during the Estrous Cycle and Pregnancy in Mares. Journal of Animal Science 38, 330–338.
441.
Squires, E. L. Progesterone. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
442.
Squires, E. L. Endocrinology of Pregnancy. in Equine reproduction (Lea & Febiger, 1993).
443.
Stabenfeldt GH. An oestrogen conjugate enzyme immunoassay for monitoring pregnancy in the mare: limitations of the assay between days 40 and 70 of gestation. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 44, 37–44 (1991).
444.
Starbuck, G. R., Stout, T. A. E., Lamming, G. E., Allen, W. R. & Flint, A. P. F. Endometrial oxytocin receptor and uterine prostaglandin secretion in mares during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. Reproduction 113, 173–179 (1998).
445.
Stewart, D. R. & Stabenfeldt, G. Relaxin activity in the pregnant mare. Biology of Reproduction 25, (1981).
446.
Stout, T. A. E. & Allen, W. R. Conceptus factors involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Abstract Series 17, (1996).
447.
Stout, T. A. E., Lamming, G. E. & Allen, W. R. Oxytocin and its endometrial receptor are integral to luteolysis in the cycling mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 56, (2000).
448.
Urwin VE. Pituitary and chorionic gonadotrophic control of ovarian function during early pregnancy in equids. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 32, 371–381 (1982).
449.
Watson, E. D., Bjorkstein, T. S., Buckingham, J. & Nikolakopoulis, E. Immunolocalisation of oxytocin in the uterus of the mare. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Abstract series 20, (1997).
450.
Weber, J. A., Freeman, D. A., Vanderwall, D. K. & Wood, G. L. Prostaglandin E2 secretion by oviductal transport-stage equine embryos. Biology of Reproduction 45, (1991).
451.
Biology of Reproduction. 45, (1991).
452.
Weber, J. A., Freeman, D. A., Vanderwall, D. K. & Wood, G. L. Prostaglandin E2 hastens oviductal transport of equine embryos. Biology of Reproduction 45, (1991).
453.
Woodley SL. Prolonged interovulatory interval after oestradiol treatment in mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 205–209 (1979).
454.
ZAVY, M. T., VERNON, M. W., SHARP, D. C. & BAZER, F. W. Endocrine Aspects of Early Pregnancy in Pony Mares: A Comparison of Uterine Luminal and Peripheral Plasma Levels of Steroids during the Estrous Cycle and Early Pregnancy*. Endocrinology 115, 214–219 (1984).
455.
Zavy, M. T. et al. Identification of stage-specific and hormonally induced polypeptides in the uterine protein secretions of the mare during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Reproduction 64, 199–207 (1982).
456.
Zavy JT. An investigation of the uterine luminal environment of non-pregnant and pregnant pony mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 403–411 (1979).
457.
Allen, W. R. Fetomaternal interactions and influences during equine pregnancy. Reproduction 121, (2001).
458.
Alm CC. The effect of a corticosteroid (dexamethasone), progesterone, oestrogen and prostaglandin F2alpha on gestation length in normal and ovariectomized mares. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 637–640 (1975).
459.
BARNES, R. J. et al. FOETAL AND MATERNAL PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F IN THE MARE DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND AT PARTURITION. Journal of Endocrinology 78, 201–215 (1978).
460.
Bos, H. & van der Mey, G. J. W. Length of gestation periods of horses and ponies belonging to different breeds. Livestock Production Science 7, 181–187 (1980).
461.
BRYANT-GREENWOOD, G. D. Relaxin as a New Hormone*. Endocrine Reviews 3, 62–90 (1982).
462.
Campitelli, S., Carenzi, C. & Verga, M. Factors which influence parturition in the mare and development of the foal. Applied Animal Ethology 9, 7–14 (1982).
463.
Chavatte, P. Corticosteroid synthesis by the equine fetal adrenal. Biology of Reproduction (1997).
464.
Davies Morel, M. C. G., Newcombe, J. R. & Holland, S. J. Factors affecting gestation length in the Thoroughbred mare. Animal Reproduction Science 74, 175–185 (2002).
465.
Flint, A. P. F., Ricketts, A. P. & Craig, V. A. The control of placental steroid synthesis at parturition in domestic animals. Animal Reproduction Science 2, 239–251 (1979).
466.
Forsyth IA. Studies on mild composition and lactogenic hormones in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 631–635 (1975).
467.
Fuchs, A.-R., Behrens, O. & Liu, H.-C. Correlation of nocturnal increase in plasma oxytocin with a decrease in plasma estradiol/progesterone ratio in late pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 167, 1559–1563 (1992).
468.
FUCHS, A.-R., PERIYASAMY, S., ALEXANDROVA, M. & SOLOFF, M. S. Correlation between Oxytocin Receptor Concentration and Responsiveness to Oxytocin in Pregnant Rat Myometrium: Effects of Ovarian Steroids*. Endocrinology 113, 742–749 (1983).
469.
Hamon M. Production of 5 alpha-dihydroprogesterone during late pregnancy in the mare. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 44, 529–535 (1991).
470.
Hillman RB. Hormonal changes in the mare and foal associated with oxytocin induction of parturition. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 541–546 (1979).
471.
Hodge SL. Influence of photoperiod on the pregnant and postpartum mare. American journal of veterinary research 43, 1752–1755 (1982).
472.
Holtan DW. Plasma progestagens in the mare, fetus and newborn foal. Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement 44, 517–528 (1991).
473.
Howell, C. E. Environmental Sources of Variation in the Gestation Length of the Horse. Journal of Animal Science 10, 789–796.
474.
Jainudeen, M. R. & Hafez, E. S. E. Gestation, Prenatal Physiology and Parturition. in Reproduction in farm animals (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000).
475.
Jeffcott, L. B. & Whitwell, K. E. Twinning as a cause of foetal and neonatal loss in the Thoroughbred mare. Journal of Comparative Pathology 83, 91–106 (1973).
476.
LeBLANC, M. M. Identification and treatment of the compromised equine fetus: A clinical perspective. Equine Veterinary Journal 29, 100–103 (2010).