Afghanistan: Annual Opium Poppy Survey. n.d.
Ahmad, A. 1993. ‘Orientalism and After’. in Colonial discourse and post colonial theory: a reader. New York: Pearson Education.
Ahmad, Feroz. 2003. Turkey: The Quest for Identity. Oxford: Oneworld.
Ahmed, A. 1993. ‘Orientalism and After’. in Colonial discourse and post colonial theory: a reader. New York: Pearson Education.
Ahmed, Akbar S. 1995. Living Islam: From Samarkand to Stornoway. London: Penguin Books.
Ajami, Fouad. 1981. The Arab Predicament: Arab Political Thought and Practice since 1967. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Akeel Bilgrami. 2003. ‘The Clash within Civilizations’. Daedalus 132(3):88–93. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027867.
Ali, Syed Mohammed and NetLibrary, Inc. 2004a. The Position of Women in Islam: A Progressive View. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Ali, Syed Mohammed and NetLibrary, Inc. 2004b. The Position of Women in Islam: A Progressive View. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Ali, Tariq. 2002. The Clash of Fundamentalisms: Crusades, Jihads and Modernity. London: Verso.
Altorki, Soraya. 1986. Women in Saudi Arabia: Ideology and Behavior among the Elite. New York: Columbia University Press.
Amin, Camron Michael, Benjamin C. Fortna, Elizabeth Brown Frierson, and ebrary, Inc. 2006. The Modern Middle East: A Sourcebook for History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Amin, Samir. 1978. The Arab Nation. Vol. Middle East series. London: Zed Press.
Anna Secor. 2013. ‘Turkey’s Democracy: A Model for the Troubled Middle East?’ Eurasian Geography and Economics 52(2):157–72. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=79dbfcdb-0d08-e811-80cd-005056af4099.
Ansari, A M. 2006. ‘Civilizational Identity and Foreign Policy: The Case of Iran’. in The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy. Vol. BCSIA studies in international security. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Ansari, Ali M. 2006. Confronting Iran: The Failure of American Foreign Policy and the next Great Crisis in the Middle East. New York: Basic Books.
Argo Trailer (2012). 30 AD.
Armstrong, Karen. 1991. Muhammad: A Western Attempt to Understand Islam. London: Gollancz.
Armstrong, Karen. 1999. A History of God: From Abraham to the Present : The 4000-Year Quest for God. London: Vintage.
Armstrong, Karen. 2002. Islam: A Short History. London: Phoenix.
Armstrong, Karen. 2015. Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence. London: Vintage.
Asad, Talal. 1993. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Asad, Talal. 2003. Formations of the Secular: Christianity, Islam, Modernity. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.
Asad, Talal, and Roger Owen, eds. 1983. The Middle East. Vol. Sociology of ‘developing societies’. London: Macmillan.
Ashcroft, Bill. 2009. ‘Alternative Modernities: Globalization and the Post-Colonial’. Review of International English Literature 40:1. https://journalhosting.ucalgary.ca/index.php/ariel/article/view/33563.
Aslan, Reza. 2011. No God but God: The Origins, Evolution, and Future of Islam. New ed., fully rev. and updated. London: Arrow.
Axworthy, Michael. 2014. Revolutionary Iran: A History of the Islamic Republic. [Updated edition]. London: Penguin Books.
Ayubi, Nazih N. 1991. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World. Routledge.
Baran, Zeyno. 2010. The Other Muslims: Moderate and Secular. 1st ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Barnett R. Rubin. 2007. ‘Saving Afghanistan’. Foreign Affairs 86(1):57–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20032211?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Battle of Algiers trailer. 2006.
Beck, Ulrich and NetLibrary, Inc. 1992. Risk Society: Towards a New Modernity. Vol. Theory, culture&society. London: Sage Publications.
Beckford, James A. 2003a. Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Beckford, James A. 2003b. Social Theory and Religion. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bennett, Clinton. 2005. Muslims and Modernity: An Introduction to the Issues and Debates. Vol. Comparative Islamic studies. London: Continuum.
Bhabha, Homi K. 2004. The Location of Culture. Vol. Routledge classics. London: Routledge.
Bin Laden‘s Legacy. n.d. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2011-05-02/archives-osama-bin-ladens-legacy.
Bin Ladin, Carmen. 2011a. The Veiled Kingdom. Paperback edition. London: Virago.
Bin Ladin, Carmen. 2011b. The Veiled Kingdom. Paperback edition. London: Virago.
Bingham, Adrian and NetLibrary, Inc. 2004. Gender, Modernity, and the Popular Press in Inter-War Britain. Vol. Oxford historical monographs. Oxford: Clarendon.
Bogdani, Mirela. 2011. Turkey and the Dilemma of EU Accession: When Religion Meets Politics. Vol. Library of European studies. London: I. B. Tauris.
Brynen, Rex, Bahgat Korany, and Paul Noble. 1995a. Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World: V.1: Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Brynen, Rex, Bahgat Korany, and Paul Noble. 1995b. Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World: V.1: Theoretical Perspectives. Boulder, Colo: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Buchan, James. 2013. Days of God: The Revolution in Iran and Its Consequences. London: John Murray.
Bunt, Gary R. n.d. ‘Islam, Postmodernism And Other Futures’. http://www.theacademiclibrary.com/title_display.cfm?filename=0745320996&libcode=PLC&num=1&CFID=3310832&CFTOKEN=45660105&jsessionid=8430bb1dcc2c6c9a04cb4868258193f11257.
Burke, Edmund, and Ira M. Lapidus. 1988. Islam, Politics and Social Movements. London: Univ. of California Press.
Cesari, J. 2003. ‘Muslim Minorities in Europe’. in Modernizing Islam: religion in the public sphere in Europe and the Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Charrad, Mounira M. 2011. ‘Gender in the Middle East: Islam, State, Agency’. Annual Review of Sociology 37(1):417–37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41288615.
Cherribi, O. 2003. ‘The Growing Islamization of Europe’. Pp. 193–213 in Modernizing Islam: religion in the public sphere in Europe and the Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Chowdhury, Geeta. 2007. ‘Edward Said and Contrapuntal Reading: Implications for Critical Interventions in International Relations’. Millennium: Journal of International Studies 36. http://mil.sagepub.com/content/36/1/101.full.pdf.
Chrisman, Laura, and Patrick Williams. 1993. Colonial Discourse and Post Colonial Theory: A Reader. New York: Pearson Education.
Cole, Juan Ricardo. 2010. Engaging the Muslim World. Rev. and updated [ed.]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Coleman, Isobel. 2013. Paradise beneath Her Feet: How Women Are Transforming the Middle East. Random House Trade Paperback edition. New York: Random House Trade Paperbacks.
Cordesman, A. H. 2006. ‘Saudi Arabia: Friend or Fore in the War on Terror?’ Middle East Policy 8:1. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-4967.2006.00236.x/epdf.
Cornell, S. E. 2006. ‘Taliban Afghanistan: A True Islamic State?’ in The limits of culture: Islam and foreign policy. Vol. BCSIA studies in international security. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.
Council on Foreign Relations and ebrary, Inc. 2011. The New Arab Revolt. New York: Council on Foreign Relations.
Curtis, Michael. 2009. Orientalism and Islam: European Thinkers on Oriental Despotism in the Middle East and India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dawkins, Richard. 2007. The God Delusion. London: Black Swan.
Ehteshami, A. 2005. ‘Islam as a Political Force in International Politics’. in Islam in world politics. London: Routledge.
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. 1995. After Khomeini: The Iranian Second Republic. London: Routledge.
E-International Relations. n.d. http://www.e-ir.info/.
Eisenstadt, S. N. 2001. ‘The Civilizational Dimension of Modernity: Modernity as a Distinct Civilization’. International Sociology 16(3):320–40. doi:10.1177/026858001016003005.
Esposito, J. 1998. ‘Women in Islam and Muslim Societies’. in Islam, gender, & social change. New York: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, John L. 1999. ‘Chapter 5’. Pp. 128–211 in The Islamic threat: myth or reality? New York: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, John L., and François Burgat. 2003a. ‘Islam and Civil Society’. in Modernizing Islam: religion in the public sphere in Europe and the Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Esposito, John L., and François Burgat. 2003b. Modernizing Islam: Religion in the Public Sphere in Europe and the Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Esposito, John L. and ebrary, Inc. 2011. What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Esposito, John L., Middle East Institute (Washington, D.C.), Johns Hopkins University, and Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1990. The Iranian Revolution: Its Global Impact. Miami: Florida International University Press.
Exodus. 1960.
F. Stephen Larrabee. 2007. ‘Turkey Rediscovers the Middle East’. Foreign Affairs 86(4):103–14. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20032418?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Fatah, Tarek. n.d. Chasing a Mirage: The Tragic Illusion of an Islamic State. Mississauga, Ont: John Wiley & Sons Canada.
Gause, F. Gregory III. 2011. ‘Why Middle East Studies Missed the Arab Spring: The Myth of Authoritarian Stability’. Foreign Affairs 90. http://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/fora90&div=67&g_sent=1&collection=journals.
Geertz, Clifford. 1971. Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Gellner, Ernest. 1981. Muslim Society. Vol. Cambridge studies in social anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gellner, Ernest and ebrary, Inc. 1992. Postmodernism, Reason and Religion. London: Routledge.
Gelvin, James L. 2008. The Modern Middle East: A History. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Göl, Ayla. 2010. ‘Editor‘s Introduction: Views from the ’Others‘ of the War on Terror’. Critical Studies on Terrorism 3(1):1–5. doi:10.1080/17539151003594160.
Gol, Ayla. 2011. ‘Turkey‘s Search for Identity: A Eurasian and Islamic Country’. in Euro-Asia’ at the Crossroads: Geopolitics, Identities and Dialogues.
Göl, Ayla. 2013. Turkey Facing East: Islam, Modernity and Foreign Policy. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Göle, Nilüfer. 1997. The Forbidden Modern: Civilization and Veiling. Vol. Critical perspectives on women and gender. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press.
Gray, John. 2003. Al Qaeda and What It Means to Be Modern. London: Faber.
Gregory, Derek. 2004. The Colonial Present: Afghanistan, Palestine, and Iraq. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.
Gresh, Alain, Alain Gresh, and Dominique Vidal. 2004. The New A-Z of the Middle East. London: I.B. Tauris.
Griffin, Michael. 2001. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Taliban Movement in Afghanistan. London: Pluto Press.
Hackforth-Jones, Jocelyn, and Mary Roberts. 2005. Edges of Empire: Orientalism and Visual Culture. Vol. New interventions in art history. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub.
Hall, Stuart, and Paul Du Gay. 1996. ‘Who Needs ’identity‘?’ Pp. 1–17 in Questions of cultural identity. London: Sage.
Hall, Stuart, David Held, and Tony McGraw. 1992. ‘The Question of Cultural Identity’. Pp. 273–325 in Understanding modern societies: an introduction, Modernity and its futures. Vol. D213. Cambridge: Polity Press in Association with the Open University.
Halliday, Fred. 1979. Iran, Dictatorship and Development. Vol. A pelican original. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Halliday, Fred. 1993. ‘“Orientalism” and Its Critics’. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 20(2):145–63. doi:10.1080/13530199308705577.
Halliday, Fred. 1996. Islam and the Myth of Confrontation: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.
Halliday, Fred. 2000a. Nation and Religion in the Middle East. London: Saqi Books.
Halliday, Fred. 2000b. Nation and Religion in the Middle East. London: Saqi Books.
Halliday, Fred. 2002. Two Hours That Shook the World: September 11, 2001 : Causes and Consequences. London: Saqi.
Hamid, Mohsin. 2008. The Reluctant Fundamentalist. London: Penguin.
Haynes, Jeffrey. 2013. ‘The “Arab Uprising”, Islamists and Democratization’. Mediterranean Politics 18(2):170–88. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=db0c8d11-0c08-e811-80cd-005056af4099.
Hefner, Robert W. 2005. Remaking Muslim Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization. Vol. Princeton studies in Muslim politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
HEGGHAMMER, THOMAS. 2008. ‘Islamist Violence and Regime Stability in Saudi Arabia’. International Affairs 84(4):701–15. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00733.x.
Hijab, N. 1998. ‘Islam, Social Change and the Reality of Arab Women‘s Lives’. in Islam, gender, & social change. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hiro, Dilip. 1996. Dictionary of the Middle East. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. 2008. Infidel. London: Pocket.
Hitchens, Christopher. 2008. God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. [New] ed. London: Atlantic.
Hobson, John M. 2012. The Eurocentric Conception of World Politics: Western International Theory, 1760-2010. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hobson, John M. and ebrary, Inc. 2004a. ‘The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation’. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hobson, John M. and ebrary, Inc. 2004b. The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. 1974. The Venture of Islam: Conscience and History in a World Civilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hosseini, Khaled. 2011. The Kite Runner. London: Bloomsbury.
Husain, Ed. 2007a. The Islamist: Why I Joined Radical Islam in Britain, What I Saw inside and Why I Left. London: Penguin.
Husain, Ed. 2007b. The Islamist: Why I Joined Radical Islam in Britain, What I Saw inside and Why I Left. London: Penguin.
ʻIbādī, Shīrīn, and Azadeh Moaveni. 2007. Iran Awakening: From Prison to Peace Prize : One Woman’s Struggle at the Crossroads of History. Toronto, Canada: Vintage Canada.
Inayatullah, Naeem, and David L. Blaney. 2012. International Relations and the Problem of Difference. Vol. Global horizons. New York: Routledge.
Inayatullah, Sohail, and Gail Boxwell, eds. n.d. ‘How Do You Know? Ziauddin Sardar. Introduced and Edited by Ehsan Masood’. http://www.theacademiclibrary.com/title_display.cfm?filename=0745319858&libcode=PLC&num=1&CFID=3310832&CFTOKEN=45660105&jsessionid=8430bb1dcc2c6c9a04cb4868258193f11257.
International Journal of Middle East Studies. n.d. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayBackIssues?jid=MES.
Islamic Law and Society. n.d. http://www.jstor.org/journals/09289380.html.
Islamophobia: A Challenge for Us All,. n.d.
Ismael, Tareq Y., Jacqueline S. Ismael, Shereen T. Ismael, Glenn E. Perry, and Ali Rezaei. 2011a. Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and Change. London: Routledge.
Ismael, Tareq Y., Jacqueline S. Ismael, Shereen T. Ismael, Glenn E. Perry, and Ali Rezaei. 2011b. Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East: Continuity and Change. London: Routledge.
Jelen, Ted G., and Clyde Wilcox. 2002. Religion and Politics in Comparative Perspective: The One, the Few, and the Many. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Jenkins, Brian Michael and ebrary, Inc. 2012. Al Qaeda in Its Third Decade: Irreversible Decline or Imminent Victory? Santa Monica, Calif: RAND.
Jenkins, Gareth. 2003. ‘Muslim Democrats in Turkey?’ Survival 45:1. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1093/survival/45.1.45.
Jonathan Fox. 2001. ‘Religion as an Overlooked Element of International Relations’. International Studies Review 3(3):53–73. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3186242.
Journal of Islamic Studies. n.d. http://jis.oxfordjournals.org/content/by/year.
Juergensmeyer, Mark. 2001. Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence. Vol. Comparative studies in religion and society. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Jung, Dietrich, and Wolfango Piccoli. 2001. Turkey at the Crossroads: Ottoman Legacies and a Greater Middle East. New York: Zed Books.
Kandiyoti, Deniz. 2009. ‘Islam, Modernity and the Politics of Gender: Perspectives from the Middle East, Central Asia and Afghanistan’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Kennedy, Valerie. 2000. Edward Said: A Critical Introduction. Cambridge: Polity Press in association with Blackwell Publishers.
Kenney, Jeffrey T., and Ebrahim Moosa, eds. 2014. Islam in the Modern World. Vol. Religions in the modern world. London: Routledge.
Khan, Arshad and ebrary, Inc. 2003. Islam, Muslims, and America: Understanding the Basis of Their Conflict. New York: Algora Pub.
Khasrokhavar, Farhad. 2004. ‘The Islamic Revolution in Iran: Retrospect after a Quarter of Century’. Thesis Eleven 76. http://the.sagepub.com/content/76/1/70.full.pdf.
Klein, Christina. 2003. Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
Krishna, Sankaran. n.d.-a. ‘Chapter 5’. in Globalization and postcolonialism: hegemony and resistance in the twenty-first century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Krishna, Sankaran. n.d.-b. Globalization and Postcolonialism: Hegemony and Resistance in the Twenty-First Century. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
Leah Farrall. 2011. ‘How al Qaeda Works: What the Organization’s Subsidiaries Say About Its Strength’. Foreign Affairs 90(2):128–38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25800463.
Ledewitz, Bruce. 2009. Hallowed Secularism: Theory, Belief, Practice. 1st ed. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Levy, Reuben. 1962. The Social Structure of Islam: Being the 2nd Ed.of ‘The Sociology of Islam’. Cambridge: Cambridge U.P.
Lewis, Bernard. 2004. The Crisis of Islam: Holy War and Unholy Terror. London: Phoenix.
Lewis, Bernard and ebrary, Inc. 1993. Islam and the West. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Bernard and ebrary, Inc. 2004. From Babel to Dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Bernard and ebrary, Inc. 2010. Faith and Power: Religion and Politics in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lewis, Reina. 1996. ‘Race - Femininity - Representation’. Pp. 12–52 in Gendering Orientalism: race, femininity and representation. Vol. Gender, racism, ethnicity. London: Routledge.
Lockman, Zachary and ebrary, Inc. 2004a. ‘Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism’. in Vol. The Contemporary Middle East. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Lockman, Zachary and ebrary, Inc. 2004b. Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism. Vol. The Contemporary Middle East. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
Lyon, David. 1994. ‘Modernity and Its Discontents’. Pp. 19–36 in Postmodernity. Vol. Concepts in the social sciences. Buckingham: Open University Press.
MacKenzie, John M. 1995. Orientalism: History, Theory, and the Arts. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Mardin, Serif. 1993. ‘Religion and Secularism in Turkey’. in The modern Middle East: a reader. London: I. B. Tauris.
Masood, Ehsan. 2009. Science & Islam: A History. London: Icon.
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Armando Salvatore, Martin van Bruinessen, and ebrary, Inc. 2009a. Islam and Modernity: Key Issues and Debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Armando Salvatore, Martin van Bruinessen, and ebrary, Inc. 2009b. ‘Islamic Modernism’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Masud, Muhammad Khalid, Armando Salvatore, Martin van Bruinessen, and ebrary, Inc. 2009c. ‘The Shifting Politics of Identity’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
McAlister, Melani and NetLibrary, Inc. 2001. Epic Encounters: Culture, Media, and U.S. Interests in the Middle East, 1945-2000. Vol. American crossroads. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Meskell, Lynn and NetLibrary, Inc. 1998. Archaeology under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. London: Routledge.
Millennium - Journal of International Studies. n.d. http://mil.sagepub.com/.
Milton-Edwards, Beverley. 2000. Contemporary Politics in the Middle East. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
Mřiboute, Zidane. 2009. Islam’s Fateful Path: The Critical Choices Facing Modern Muslims. London: I.B. Tauris.
Mufti, Dr Siraj I. 2011. Muslims at the Crossroads. Createspace.
Muhammad Al-Atawneh. 2011. ‘Wahhabi Self-Examination Post-9/11: Rethinking the “Other”, “Otherness” and Tolerance’. Middle Eastern Studies 47(2):255–71. doi:10.1080/00263206.2011.544098.
Muppidi, Himadeep. 2006. ‘Shame and Rage: International Relations and the World School of Colonialism’. Interrogating Imperialism: Conversations on Gender, Race, and War. https://www.dawsonera.com/guard/protected/dawson.jsp?name=https://shibboleth.aber.ac.uk/shibboleth&dest=http://www.dawsonera.com/depp/reader/protected/external/AbstractView/S9780230601710.
Nilüfer Göle. 1997. ‘Secularism and Islamism in Turkey: The Making of Elites and Counter-Elites’. Middle East Journal 51(1):46–58. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4329022?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
#OCCUPYIRTHEORY | Horizontal Politics & IR Theory. n.d. http://occupyirtheory.info/.
Olupòona, Jacob Obafòemi Kòehinde and NetLibrary, Inc. 2004. Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity. New York: Routledge.
Orientalism and after: An interview with Edward Said,‖ interviewed by Anne Beezer and Peter Osborne. n.d. http://www.radicalphilosophy.com/interview/edward-said.
Osama - Movie Trailer. 16 AD.
Paradise Now Trailer. 2008.
Pasha, Mustapha Kamal. 2017. ‘Chapter 8 of Islam and International Relations: Fractured Worlds’. Pp. 109–21 in Islam and international relations: fractured worlds. London: Routledge.
Pemberton, Jo-anne. n.d. ‘Global Metaphors’. http://www.theacademiclibrary.com/title_display.cfm?filename=0745316549&libcode=PLC&num=1&CFID=3310832&CFTOKEN=45660105&jsessionid=8430bb1dcc2c6c9a04cb4868258193f11257.
Perkins, Maureen. n.d. ‘The Reform Of Time’. http://www.theacademiclibrary.com/title_display.cfm?filename=0745317294&libcode=PLC&num=1&CFID=3310832&CFTOKEN=45660105&jsessionid=8430bb1dcc2c6c9a04cb4868258193f11257.
Persepolis UK Trailer. 2 AD.
Pintak, Lawrence. n.d. ‘Reflections in a Bloodshot Lens’. http://www.theacademiclibrary.com/title_display.cfm?filename=0745324185&num=1&CFID=3310832&CFTOKEN=45660105&jsessionid=8430bb1dcc2c6c9a04cb4868258193f11257.
Piscatori, James P. and Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1983. ‘Ideological Politics in Saudi Arabia’. in Islam in the political process. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Questions of Neo-Orientalism. n.d. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13698019800510051.
Ramadan, Tariq. 2008. The Messenger: The Meanings of the Life of Muhammad. London: Penguin.
Ramadan, Tariq. 2009. What I Believe. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ramadan, Tariq. 2012. The Arab Awakening: Islam and the New Middle East. London: Allen Lane.
Ramazani, R. K. 1983. ‘Khumanyni‘s Islam in Iran‘s Foreign Policy’. in Islam in foreign policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Raphaeli, Nimrod. 2005. ‘Demands for Reforms in Saudi Arabia’. Middle Eastern Studies 41(4):517–32. doi:10.1080/00263200500119241.
Rashid, Ahmed. 2000. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil, and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation. n.d. http://www.jstor.org/journals/10521151.html.
Religion and the Arts. n.d. http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/15685292.
Religion in the News. n.d. http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/csrpl/archives/RIN.htm.
Rodinson, Maxime. 1988. Europe and the Mystique of Islam. London: I.B. Tauris.
Roy, Olivier. 1994a. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Roy, Olivier. 1994b. The Failure of Political Islam. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Roy, Olivier. 2004a. ‘Chapter 7: On the Path to War: Bin Laden and Others’. Pp. 290–325 in Globalised Islam: the search for a new Ummah. London: C. Hurst.
Roy, Olivier. 2004b. Globalised Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. London: C. Hurst.
Ruthven, Malise. 2006. Islam in the World. 3rd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
S. N. Eisenstadt. 2000. ‘Multiple Modernities’. Daedalus 129(1):1–29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20027613?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Sadiki, Larbi. 2002a. Islamist Democracy: (Re)Visions of Polity and Society in the Arab Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Sadiki, Larbi. 2002b. Islamist Democracy: (Re)Visions of Polity and Society in the Arab Middle East. London: C. Hurst.
Saʻdāwī, Nawāl, and Sharīf Ḥatātah. 1980. The Hidden Face of Eve: Women in the Arab World. Vol. Women in the Third World series. London: Zed Press.
Said, Edward. 1985. ‘Orientalism Reconsidered’. Race and Class 27:1–15. https://contentstore.cla.co.uk/secure/link?id=6491b238-340b-e811-80cd-005056af4099.
Said, Edward. 1995. ‘East Isn‘t East: The Impending End of the Age of Orientalism’. The Times Literary Supplement.
Said, Edward. 2004. ‘Orientalism Once More’. Development and Change 35(5):869–79. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=15344372&site=ehost-live.
Said, Edward W. 1994a. ‘Chapter 3: Resistance and Opposition’. Pp. 230–340 in Culture and imperialism. London: Vintage Books.
Said, Edward W. 1994b. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage Books.
Said, Edward W. 1994c. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage Books.
Said, Edward W. 1997a. ‘Chapter 3: Knowledge and Power’. Pp. 134–73 in Covering Islam: how the media and the experts determine how we see the rest of the world. London: Vintage.
Said, Edward W. 1997b. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. London: Vintage.
Said, Edward W. 1997c. Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine How We See the Rest of the World. London: Vintage.
Said, Edward W. 2003. Orientalism. Vol. Penguin classics. London: Penguin.
Said, Edward W., and Gauri Viswanathan. 2005. Power, Politics and Culture: Interviews with Edward W. Said. London: Bloomsbury.
Saikal, Amin, Albrecht Schnabel, and NetLibrary, Inc. 2003. Democratization in the Middle East: Experiences, Struggles, Challenges. Vol. The changing nature of democracy. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
Salame, Ghassan. 1993. ‘Political Powers and the Saudi State’. in The modern Middle East: a reader. London: I. B. Tauris.
Salameh, Franck. 2011. ‘Towards a New Ecology of Middle Eastern Identities’. Middle Eastern Studies 47(2):237–53. doi:10.1080/00263206.2011.544096.
Salvatore, Armando. 1997. Islam and the Political Discourse of Modernity. Vol. International politics of the Middle East series. Reading, Berkshire: Ithaca.
Salvatore, Armando. 2009a. ‘The Reform Project in the Emerging Public Spheres’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Salvatore, Armando. 2009b. ‘Tradition and Modernity within Islamic Civilisation and the West’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Sandole, Dennis J. D. 2009. ‘Turkey’s Unique Role in Nipping in the Bud the “Clash of Civilizations”’. International Politics 46(5):636–55. doi:10.1057/ip.2009.12.
Sardar, Ziauddin. 1999. Orientalism. Vol. Concepts in the social sciences. Buckingham: Open University Press.
Sardar, Ziauddin, and Ehsan Masood. 2006. How Do You Know?: Reading Ziauddin Sardar on Islam, Science and Cultural Relations. London: Pluto Press.
Sayyid, Bobby S. 1997. ‘Chapter 3’. in A fundamental fear: Eurocentrism and the emergence of Islamism. London: Zed Books.
Seth G. Jones. 2008. ‘The Rise of Afghanistan’s Insurgency: State Failure and Jihad’. International Security 32(4):7–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30129790.
Sharekh, Alanoud Al. 2011. ‘Reform and Rebirth in the Middle East’. Survival 53(2):51–60. doi:10.1080/00396338.2011.571010.
Sheridan, L. P. 2006. ‘Islamophobia Pre- and Post-September 11th, 2001’. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 21(3):317–36. doi:10.1177/0886260505282885.
Shilliam, Robbie. 2011. International Relations and Non-Western Thought: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Investigations of Global Modernity. Vol. Interventions. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
Siddiqui, Haroon. 2010. Being Muslim. Vol. Groundwork. London: A. & C. Black.
Smith, Donald Eugene. 1970. Religion and Political Development, an Analytic Study. Vol. The Little, Brown series in comparative politics. Boston: Little, Brown.
Smith, Donald Eugene, ed. 1974. Religion and Political Modernization. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Soguk, Nevzat. 2011. ‘Uprisings in “Arab Streets”, Revolutions in “Arab Minds”! A Provocation’. Globalizations 8(5):595–99. doi:10.1080/14747731.2011.621280.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. 1999. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press.
Steinberg, Guido. 2007. ‘Wahabi Ulama and the Saudi State: 1745 to the Present’. in Saudi Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs. NYU Press.
The Caged Virgin: A Muslim Woman’s Cry for Reason eBook: Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Amazon.co.uk: Kindle Store. 4 AD. Simon & Schuster UK. http://www.amazon.co.uk/Caged-Virgin-Muslim-Womans-Reason-ebook/dp/B002RI9NWE/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1436277779&sr=8-1&keywords=The+Caged+Virgin%3A+A+Muslim+Woman%E2%80%99s+Cry+for+Reason.
The Kite Runner. 2007.
The Koran. n.d. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/k/koran/.
The Message (1977). 26 AD.
The War on Terror and the Rise of Neo-Orientalism in the 21st Century. n.d. http://www.e-ir.info/2010/03/18/the-war-on-terror-and-the-rise-of-neo-orientalism-in-the-21st-century/.
Theory Talks. n.d. http://www.theory-talks.org/.
Therborn, Göran. 2003. ‘Entangled Modernities’. European Journal of Social Theory 6(3):293–305. doi:10.1177/13684310030063002.
Tibi, B. 2000. ‘Post-Bipolar Order in Crisis: The Challenge of Politicised Islam’. Millennium - Journal of International Studies 29(3):843–59. doi:10.1177/03058298000290030501.
Tibi, Bassam. 2013. The Shariʻa State: Arab Spring and Democratization. London: Routledge.
Tocci, Nathalie. 2011. Turkey’s European Future: Behind the Scenes of America’s Influence on EU-Turkey Relations. New York: New York University Press.
Trailer for ‘The Color of Paradise’. 2008.
Turner, Bryan S. and ebrary, Inc. 1994. Orientalism, Postmodernism, and Globalism. London: Routledge.
United Nations on Islamophobia. n.d. http://www.un.org/press/en/2004/hr4801.doc.htm.
Watt, W. Montgomery. 2005a. Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity. [s.l]: UMI.
Watt, W. Montgomery. 2005b. Islamic Fundamentalism and Modernity. London: UMI.
Wazan, Sam. 2012. The Last Moderate Muslim: A Novel. [Place of publication not identified]: Stripling & Zane.
Wiktorowicz, Quintan, and John Kaltner. 2003. ‘Killing in the Name of Islam: Al-Qaeda’s Justification for September 11’. Middle East Policy 10(2):76–92. doi:10.1111/1475-4967.00107.
Wilson, G. Willow. 2010. The Butterfly Mosque: A Young Woman’s Journey to Love and Islam. London: Atlantic.
Woodhead, Linda, and Paul Heelas. 2000. Religion in Modern Times: An Interpretive Anthology. Vol. Religion and modernity. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
Yahya Sadowski. 1993. ‘The New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate’. Middle East Report (183):14–40. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3012572?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents.
Yapp, Malcolm. 1996. The Near East since the First World War: A History to 1995. Vol. History of the Near East. 2nd ed. London: Longman.
Youssef, Michael. 1985. Revolt against Modernity: Muslim Zealots and the West. Vol. Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Zero Dark Thirty (2012). n.d.
Ziba Mir‐Hosseini. 2006. ‘Muslim Women’s Quest for Equality: Between Islamic Law and Feminism’. Critical Inquiry 32(4):629–45. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/508085.
Žižek, Slavoj. 2012. The Year of Dreaming Dangerously. London: Verso.
Zubaida, Sami. 2009. ‘Political Modernity’. in Islam and modernity: key issues and debates. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.